<p>1Table S2. Effects of defoliation treatments on clonal-architecture-related traits. Treatment as</p><p>2single factor was tested by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis’ tests for number of connections</p><p>3and ANOVAs for total length of connections and mean internode length (data log-</p><p>4transformed). See table 3 for legend, no: non observed.</p><p>5 mean  sd treatment effect treatment C treatment M treatment S A – Number of connections 2 Asto 16.5  8.1 16.8  8.0 25.5  10.9 H 30 = 4.52 ns a ab b 2 Cdiv 2.1  1.7 1.1  0.5 0.9  0.3 H 27 = 6.12 * a b b 2 Epal 4.1  3.3 1.3  1.0 0.8  0.4 H 28 = 13.09 ** a b b 2 Erep 7.0  3.1 3.3  1.7 3.6  2.2 H 30 = 11.79 ** 2 Gflu 2.3  2.3 1.6  1.2 0.7  1.0 H 29 = 4.43 ns 2 Jart 4.2  2.1 5.0  1.8 4.6  1.7 H 28 = 0.29 ns 2 Jger 1.7  1.0 1.1  0.3 1.0  0.5 H 25 = 3.24 ns 2 Rrep 2.8  1.1 2.6  1.7 3.6  1.0 H 27 = 3.95 ns a a b 2 Tfra 16.5  4.7 13.9  4.5 8.6  3.3 H 29 = 12.31 ** 2 Trep 27.7  8.5 25.1  7.0 19.3  7.6 H 28 = 5.05 ns B – Mean length of connections (cm) a b c 2 Asto 32.5  7.0 14.7  3.9 7.9  1.2 F 30 = 120.04 *** a ab b 2 Cdiv 4.3  1.7 3.3  1.3 2.3  1.1 F 24 = 5.31 * 2 Epal 8.4  3.0 10.1  3.4 8.8  8.9 F 25 = 1.25 ns 2 Erep 9.8  2.9 14.8  4.8 13.9  2.3 F 29 = 1.86 ns a b b 2 Gflu 19.4  5.9 10.6  2.6 9.0  0.2 F 19 = 17.02 *** 2 Jart 1.4  0.3 1.3  0.4 1.2  0.3 F 28 = 1.11 ns 2 Jger 2.2  1.5 2.6  1.7 2.2  0.5 F 25 = 0.26 ns 2 Rrep 42.7  15.4 41.6  20.6 44.0  11.3 F 27 = 0.22 ns 2 Tfra 9.9  2.7 9.7  2.2 9.4  2.2 F 29 = 0.11 ns 2 Trep 7.6  1.0 6.9  0.9 6.8  1.7 F 28 = 1.50 ns C – Mean inter-ramet distance (cm) a b b 2 Asto 4.6  1.5 2.5  0.5 2.1  0.3 F 30 = 29.89 *** a b b 2 Cdiv 1.1  0.6 0.5  0.2 0.4  0.2 F 24 = 9.98 *** 2 Epal 1.0  0.4 1.0  0.4 0.8  0.5 F 24 = 0.89 ns Erep no no no Gflu no no no 2 Jart 0.3  0.1 0.3  0.1 0.3  0.2 F 28 = 0.10 ns 2 Jger 0.3  0.1 0.2  0.1 0.4  0.3 F 22 = 1.27 ns 2 Rrep 9.3  3.7 9.1  2.0 8.7  1.5 F 27 = 0.07 ns 2 Tfra 1.8  0.6 1.9  0.8 1.5  0.3 F 29 = 1.42 ns a b b 2 Trep 1.8  0.2 1.3  1.2 1.1  0.3 F 28 = 21.69 ***</p><p>1 1</p>