<p>Iberian Languages and Linguistics</p><p>Dr. Aengus Ward [email protected] Ashley Building 115</p><p>Tuesday 2-4 Law LT2 Course Outline</p><p>Week Topic</p><p>1. Introduction to Linguistics/Principles of linguistics </p><p>2. Native speaker's competence</p><p>3. Language change over time: the Indo-European group/Romance languages</p><p>4. Language change over region: Dialectology</p><p>5. Language change in society: Sociolinguistics</p><p>6. Reading Week</p><p>7. Principles of language planning/Language planning in Spain</p><p>8. Catalan</p><p>9. Galician</p><p>10. Basque</p><p>11. Conclusion</p><p>Assessment of Linguistics: One 2 hour examination in May/June Year 1 Linguistics: Reading List </p><p>April MacMahon, Understanding Language Change</p><p>Clare Mar Molinero, The Politics of Language in the Spanish-Speaking World</p><p>Clare Mar Molinero, The Spanish Speaking World</p><p>David Crystal (ed.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language</p><p>David Crystal, Linguistics</p><p>David Crystal, What is Linguistics?</p><p>David Graddol et al., Describing Language</p><p>Edward Sapir, Language: an introduction to the study of speech</p><p>Ferdinand de Saussure, Course in General Linguistics</p><p>Guillermo Rojo, El lenguaje, las lenguas y la lingüística</p><p>H G Widdowson, Linguistics</p><p>Ian Mackenzie, A linguistic Introduction to Spanish</p><p>Jean Aitcheson, The Seeds of Speech</p><p>Jesús Tusón, Linguistica : una introduccion al estudio del lenguaje</p><p>JMY Simpson, A First Course in Linguistics</p><p>John Lyons, Chomsky </p><p>Julia Kristeva, Language the Unknown</p><p>Leonard Bloomfield, Language</p><p>Maitena Extebarria, Bilingüísmo en el estado español</p><p>Maitena Extebarria, La diversidad de lenguas en España</p><p>Mark Abley, Spoken Here</p><p>Paul Lloyd, From Latin to Spanish</p><p>R.A. Hudson, Sociolinguistics</p><p>Rajend Mesthrie et al., Introducing Sociolinguistics</p><p>Ralph Penny, Variation and Change in Spanish </p><p>Ralph Penny, A History of the Spanish Language</p><p>Roger Lass, Historical linguistics and Language Change Stephen Pinker, The Language Instinct</p><p>William J. Entwhistle, Las lenguas de España</p><p>Week 1</p><p>What is Linguistics? Introduction to course</p><p> Language as Social Activity</p><p>Cognitive beings depend on language</p><p>Language structures society</p><p> What can language do?</p><p> Language and reality</p><p>Language recreates reality</p><p>Language represents that which has no reality</p><p>Language frames reality</p><p> Branches of linguisics</p><p>Empirical Studies</p><p>Language Change</p><p>Theoretical linguistics</p><p>Debate: “What is language for? What do we know about language? How do we learn it?</p><p>Reading: David Crystal, Linguistics </p><p>David Crystal, What is Linguistics</p><p>Week 2</p><p>Native speaker’s competence</p><p>Abilities of speakers:</p><p>Grammaticality Formulation of sentences Number of sentences Awareness of similarity and difference</p><p>Ferdinand de Saussure and the Linguistics sign</p><p>See http://faculty.smu.edu/nschwart/seminar/Saussure.htm</p><p>Lexis</p><p>Inherited Borrowed Phonetic Translated Semantic Created</p><p>Spanish borrowed lexis</p><p>Catalan and Portuguese: buque, nao, muelle, rape, calamar, butifarra, almeja, mejillón, ostra French: cartucho, coronel, bayoneta, jefe Arabic: algebra, cero, almanaque, naranja, albaricoque, aceituna Basque: urraca, zurdo, boina, García, Íñigo, Javier, Sancho</p><p>Debate: What does it mean to be a native speaker? How do you identify other native speakers? How do we agree that a word is appropriate?</p><p>Mesthrie et al. Introducing Sociolinguistics, Chapters 8 and 9. Week 3</p><p>Language change over time</p><p>Indo-European and Romance Linguistics</p><p>Sir William Jones, Third Anniversary Discourse</p><p>The Sanskrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists: there is a similar reason, though not quite so forcible, for supposing that both the Gothic and the Celtic, though blended with a very different idiom, had the same origin with the Sanskrit; and the old Persian might be added to the same family, if this were the place for discussing any question concerning the antiquities of Persia. http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/books/read01.html</p><p>1. Anatolian 2. Tokharian 3. Indo-Iranian 4. Greek 5. Celtic 6. Slavonic 7. Baltic 8. Albanian 9. Germanic 10. Italic Sound changes</p><p>Assimilation</p><p>Dissimilation</p><p>Apocope</p><p>Syncope</p><p>Epenthesis</p><p>Metathesis </p><p>SEPTIMANA semana VINDICARE vengar HOSPITALE hospital/hostal ANIMA alma SANGUINE sangre CATENATU candado CUMULU colmo HUMERU hombro FEMINA hembra</p><p>FILIU hijo FORNU horno FARINA harina FONTE fuente FORTE fuerte FRONTE frente</p><p>Ralph Penny, Variation and Change in Spanish </p><p>Ralph Penny, A History of the Spanish Language</p><p>Roger Lass, Historical linguistics and Language Change Week 4</p><p>Definitions of dialect and language?</p><p> Ideolect  Dialect  Supralect</p><p> Mutual intelligibility  Dialect continuum</p><p>Standard language Dialect Accent Patois Vernacular Koiné</p><p>Pidgin languages Creoles</p><p>Non-standard ≠ Substandard</p><p>Ralph Penny, Variation and Change in Spanish Mesthrie et al. Introducing Sociolinguistics, Chapters 2 Week 5</p><p>Sociolinguistics</p><p>What is a language community?</p><p>Appropriateness in language</p><p>Principles of sociolinguistics</p><p>1. Style-shifting 2. Attention 3. Vernacular principle 4. Formality</p><p>Mesthrie et al. Introducing Sociolinguistics, Chapters 1 and 3 Trudgill, Sociolinguistics</p>