<p>Supplementary materials</p><p>Histological comparison of kidney tissue following radioembolization with yttrium-90 resin microspheres and embolization with bland microspheres</p><p>Supplement Table 1. Summary of renal pathology gross macroscopic findings with 90Y-resin microspheres (active) and bland microspheres at </p><p>8–9 weeks </p><p>Animal 1 2 3 4 5 6 Active Lower pole scar Nodular Lower pole atrophic Upper pole Small lobulated Pale upper pole </p><p> pale upper irregular flattened nodular mid and </p><p> and mid lower pole</p><p> pole Bland Variegated pale Smooth Smooth surface Smooth Smooth minor Pale areas </p><p> with pale with small lobulation thinned cortex </p><p> blotchy scars upper and mid </p><p> areas pole Supplement Table 2. Microscopic features and morphological changes in each pole at 8-9 weeks </p><p>3a. 90Y-resin microspheres (active treatment)</p><p>Animal (Implanted activity and location)</p><p>1 2 3 4 5 6 </p><p>0.15 GBq, left 0.2 GBq left upper 0.25 GB,q left 0.3 GBq, right 0.325 GBq left 0.35 GBq left </p><p> lower pole pole lower pole upper pole lower pole upper pole Upper Microsphere Scarce individual Many especially in Few, individual Moderate in Moderate Many in vessels,</p><p>Pole number, in glomeruli vessels associated with glomeruli and individual and including intima</p><p> distribution fibrosis scars aggregates in clusters of medium </p><p> vessels arteries Glomeruli No abnormality Fibrinoid necrosis, Focal minimal Fibrinoid No abnormality Prolifertive </p><p> sclerosis, fibrosis necrosis and necrosis, changes and </p><p> proliferation cellular fibrosis</p><p> mesangial </p><p> proliferation Reaction None Large wedge shaped Minimal fibrosis Wedge-shaped Moderate Extensive </p><p> scar with fibrosis and fibrous scars, subcapsular fibrosis, loss of </p><p> atrophy interstitial scars tubules.</p><p> fibrosis. Xanthomatous </p><p> areas</p><p>Mild chronic </p><p> inflammation, </p><p> intimal </p><p> proliferation in </p><p> vessels most </p><p> marked near </p><p> aggregates of </p><p> microspheres in </p><p> vessels Middle Microsphere Few individual Few Many in clusters Few individual Large Many in clusters</p><p>Pole number, in vessels and clusters aggregates in </p><p> distribution vessels plus interstitial </p><p> aggregates Glomeruli Rare sclerotic, Mild necrosis and Marked necrosis Occasional Marked Proliferative </p><p> most normal fibrosis and cellular areas of necrosis sclerosis changes and </p><p> proliferation and cellular fibrosis</p><p> proliferation Reaction Nil Mild subcapsular Wedge-shaped Mild Large scars with Large scars, </p><p> scarring marked fibrosis, inflammation fibrosis, fibrosis, </p><p> fibrosis, atrophy around some atrophy, and histiocytes with </p><p> assoc with large vessels. Little histiocyte xanthomatous </p><p> numerous m/s fibrosis aggregates areas, chronic </p><p> inflammation Lower Microsphere Many, mainly Few individual Occasional Few individual, Large Many</p><p>Pole number, clusters in vessels diffusely in aggregates in </p><p> distribution glomeruli vessels Glomeruli Atropic in scar, No abnormality No abnormality Occasional Marked Segmental </p><p> otherwise normal areas of necrosis Sclerosis proliferative </p><p> and cellular changes and proliferation fibrosis Reaction Large area of None None Areas of Large wedge- Segmental large</p><p> atrophy and subcapsular shaped scars scars</p><p> fibrosis; some fibrosis with fibrosis </p><p> foreign body and atrophy</p><p> reaction Ureter Microsphere Present. Isolated Present occasionally in Present in None Present in Present in </p><p> number, plus some muscle only muscle and muscle only muscle and </p><p> distribution vascular clusters adventitial intima of artery</p><p> vessels. Reaction None None Some multi None Slight chronic Patchy moderate</p><p> nucleated cells inflammation chronic </p><p> inflammation 3b. Bland microspheres </p><p>1 2 3 4 5 6 </p><p>2.13 million, 2.83 million right upper 3.54 million, 4.25 million, 4.6 million, 4.96 million, </p><p> right lower pole pole right lower left upper pole right lower right upper </p><p> pole pole pole Upper Microsphere Moderate Occasional individual Few in vessels Marked Moderate Few in vessels </p><p>Pole number, numbers in and glomeruli aggregates in aggregates and glomeruli</p><p> distribution afferent arterioles vessels and </p><p> of glomeruli some glomeruli Glomeruli No abnormality No abnormality No abnormality No abnormality, No abnormality No abnormality</p><p>No necrosis Reaction None None None Minor chronic Patchy sub- None</p><p> inflammation in capsular </p><p> interstitium. No scarring</p><p> fibrosis Middle Microsphere Moderate, Moderate individual Occasional Moderate in Aggregates in Moderate </p><p>Pole number, diffusely in individual vessels and vessels and aggregates in </p><p> distribution glomeruli glomeruli interstitium vessels and assoc with giant glomeruli</p><p> cell reaction Glomeruli No abnormality No abnormality No abnormality No abnormality No abnormality No abnormality Reaction None None None None. No Minor None</p><p> fibrosis subcapsular </p><p> scarring Lower Microsphere Marked clusters Moderate individual Occasional Few in vessels Occasionally in Moderate </p><p>Pole number, in vessels individual and glomeruli vessels and aggregates in </p><p> distribution glomeruli vessels and </p><p> glomeruli Glomeruli No abnormality No abnormality No abnormality No abnormality No abnormality No abnormality Reaction Subcapsular None None None, No Minor None</p><p> scarring with fibrosis subcapsular </p><p> foreign body scarring</p><p> giant cell </p><p> reaction Ureter Microspheres Present Few individual Present Few individual, Few individual. Occasionally in Occasionally in </p><p> individual in in muscle and adventitial Present in Present in muscle muscle</p><p> lamina propria vessels muscle and muscle and muscle adventitial </p><p> vessels Reaction None No fibrosis - None Mild chronic None</p><p> muscle appears inflammation</p><p> normal</p>