<p> AP WORLD HISTORY: Fall Semester Exam Review</p><p>Part I: From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 Million – 1000 B.C.E.</p><p>Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations</p><p>The Paleolithic Age refers to: Characteristics of the Paleolithic Age include:</p><p>The Neolithic Age refers to: Changes as a result of the Neolithic Revolution include:</p><p>A civilization is: Characteristics of civilization include:</p><p>What river valley areas produced the first civilizations?</p><p>Why was writing developed? What were the earliest forms of writing in the earliest civilizations?</p><p>Who were/are the Jews? The Jews were characterized most by:</p><p>Hammurabi’s Code was:</p><p>What is patriarchal?</p><p>Part II: The Classical Period, 1000 B.C.E. – 500 C.E.</p><p>Chapter 2: Classical Civilization - China</p><p>Who was Confucius? How did Confucius influence Chinese daily life as well as politics of the state?</p><p>What is primogeniture?</p><p>What was the Mandate of Heaven? (Who was the Son of Heaven?)</p><p>What were the accomplishments of the Qin dynasty?</p><p>What was the most important invention of the Han dynasty?</p><p>Chapter 3: Classical Civilization – India</p><p>The Aryans were members of what linguistic group?</p><p>How was India political organization different from China?</p><p>What is the caste system? What are its characteristics?</p><p>What were the Vedas?</p><p>Compare the Mauryan and Gupta dynasties.</p><p>Compare Hinduism and Buddhism. How did they view the caste system? Chapter 4: Classical Civilizations in the Mediterranean and Middle East</p><p>What was the greatest political contribution of the Greeks? How was it different from ours?</p><p>What did the Phoenicians give us?</p><p>How did Greek and Chinese civilizations differ?</p><p>What were Rome’s contributions to civilization in building, law, and language?</p><p>Who was Alexander the Great?</p><p>Who was Pericles? What was the message in his Funeral Oration?</p><p>How did Mediterranean classical civilization impact western civilization?</p><p>Chapter 5: The Classical Period – Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 C.E.</p><p>What is cultural diffusion? Example?</p><p>What characteristic of faiths/religions became more common after 200 C.E.? What three religions are examples?</p><p>What were the symptoms of the decline of the Roman Empire? Why didn’t the eastern part of the empire fall?</p><p>Part III: The Postclassical Period, 500 – 1450 C.E.</p><p>Chapter 6: The First Global Civilization – The Rise and Spread of Islam</p><p>Who were the Bedouins? What was the basic social group of the Bedouins? (What role did they play in the spread of Islam?)</p><p>Who was Muhammad? Why is the year 622 C.E. important to Muslims? What is the Qur’an to Muslims? </p><p>What does “Islam” mean? </p><p>What are submission, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage to Muslims? What is the Ka’ba? </p><p>Chapter 7: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia</p><p>What is a harem? What did the Abbasid creation of the harem imply?</p><p>Who was Saladin?</p><p>How were the Crusaders successful (at first) in defeating Islamic states and creating the “Crusader States”?</p><p>What was the impact of the Crusades on the Christian West and on the Islamic states?</p><p>As Muslim states extended trade to the east with the Indian kingdom of Sind, how did Islam differ from Hinduism?</p><p>Who was Mansa Musa? Chapter 8: African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam</p><p>What was the most significant impact on sub-Saharan Africa after increased contact with the outside world between 800 – 1500 C.E.?</p><p>What is a stateless society?</p><p>What was the indigenous religion of much of sub-Saharan Africa?</p><p>What was the most important Christian kingdom in Africa?</p><p>What kingdom took over Ghana in 1076? On what rivers were the kingdoms of western Africa built?</p><p>Who was Sundiata? (Who was Mansa Musa? Chapter 7)</p><p>What caused the kingdom of Songhai to fall?</p><p>What was typical of African societies influenced by Islam and Christianity? Where was Islam strongest in Africa?</p><p>Chapter 9: Civilization in Eastern Europe – Byzantium and Orthodox Europe</p><p>Where is the direct descendant of the Roman Empire? How long did the Byzantine Empire last?</p><p>What are the similarities and differences between the spread of civilization in eastern and western Europe?</p><p>What was the language of the Byzantine Empire? What type of Christianity developed in the empire?</p><p>What were the positive contributions of Justinian?</p><p>Who posed the greatest threat to the empire beginning in the seventh century, eventually causing the Crusades?</p><p>Chapter 10: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe</p><p>What were the Middle Ages? When were the Middle Ages?</p><p>What is manorialism? What was the role of a serf?</p><p>What was feudalism?</p><p>When did Charlemagne establish his empire of the Franks (at its height)?</p><p>What was the Holy Roman Empire?</p><p>What were the results/effects of the Crusades?</p><p>What is the importance of the year 1066? 1215?</p><p>What was the purpose of guilds?</p><p>How did the Black Death arrive in Europe, and what were the effects of it? Chapter 11: The Americas on the Eve of Invasion</p><p>What was the relationship of the Americas to the Old World during the Postclassical Period?</p><p>What were characteristics of American civilizations in this period?</p><p>Where was the Aztec center of population and power? What was the Aztec capital, established c. 1325?</p><p>What religious practice did not change as the Aztecs rose to power? What were the deities like?</p><p>What were chinampas?</p><p>What was “Inca socialism?” What was the Inca capital?</p><p>What were cultural and physical differences between Inca/Andean and Aztec/Mesoamerican civilizations?</p><p>What was the population of the Americas compared to contemporary Europe?</p><p>Chapter 12: Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization – Tang and Song Dynasties</p><p>What was the “Era of Division” or “Era of Six Dynasties?” What dynasty ended the division?</p><p>How did the Tang and Song dynasties compare in size?</p><p>How did the Tang view the scholar-gentry?</p><p>Who were the jinshi?</p><p>Why was the Grand Canal necessary? (Who had it built?)</p><p>What was footbinding? How did it change the life of women? Was it a practice among all women?</p><p>What were the technologies of the Tang-Song era?</p><p>Chapter 13: The Spread of Chinese Civilization – Japan, Korea, and Vietnam</p><p>What were the Taika reforms?</p><p>Who were the bushi? Who were the samurai?</p><p>Chapter 14: The Last Great Nomadic Challenges – From Chinggis Khan to Timur</p><p>Who were the Mongols? What was the organization of their society?</p><p>What type of military did they use? What was the battlefield tactic they used most often?</p><p>Who was Chinggis Khan? What was Chinggis Khan’s religious policy regarding those he conquered?</p><p>What were the positive aspects of Chinggis Khan’s rule?</p><p>What impact did the Mongol rule have on Russia? on the Islamic heartland? Chapter 15: The World in 1450 – Changing Balance of World Power</p><p>Who took over the lands of the Middle East following the fall of the Abbasid and Byzantine Empires and the withdrawal of the Mongols?</p><p>What Chinese dynasty experimented with international commerce for 28 years?</p><p>What made Western Europe more dynamic in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?</p><p>Where were the two major regional monarchies (of the area becoming Spain) established after 1400? </p><p>What changed after 1400 that Western Europe could begin to explore for new trade routes?</p><p>What areas in the Pacific established civilizations during the Postclassical period?</p><p>ETC.</p><p>Chinese dynasties: Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Ming</p><p>Religions: locations and characteristics</p><p>Polytheism, monotheism, animism</p><p>Judaism – eastern Mediterranean/Middle East; Hindu – India; Buddhism – India, moved to China; Christianity – eastern Mediterranean, Roman Empire, then Europe; Islam – Middle East, north Africa</p><p>Judaism, Christianity, Islam = monotheistic</p><p>Christianity: Western Europe – Roman Catholic; Eastern Europe (Byzantine Empire and Russia) – Eastern Orthodox</p><p>Map:</p><p>Tigris River, Euphrates River, Nile River, Indus River, Ganges River, Huang He/Yellow River, Yangtze River, Niger River</p><p>Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, English Channel, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Straits of Malacca</p><p>Sumer, Egypt, India, China, Phoenicia, Greece</p><p>Qin Empire, Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Abbasid Empire, Kingdom of Sind, Maya Empire, Aztec Empire, Inca Empire, Carolingian Empire, Mongolia</p><p>Jerusalem, Alexandria, Athens, Rome, Constantinople, Baghdad, Mecca/Makah, Medina/Madinah, Timbuktu </p>