<p> Biology IH Chapter 15 Reading Guide Name ______Assignment # ______</p><p>Chapter Vocabulary Study the definitions for each of the following words by preparing flash cards with the word on one side and a context sentence on the reverse side.</p><p> artificial selection homologous structure camouflage natural selection analogous structure mimicry evolution vestigial structure fitness ancestral trait embryo fossil derived trait biogeography</p><p>15.1 Darwin’s Theory 1. In 1832 most people believed the world was about ______years old and that animals and plants were ______.</p><p>2. During his voyage, Darwin read a book titled ______written by Charles Lyell.</p><p>3. This book proposed that the Earth was ______.</p><p>4. How did Lyell’s book influence Darwin’s thought? ______</p><p>______</p><p>5. Summarize Darwin’s observations made in his research on the Galápagos Islands.</p><p>______</p><p>6. After his return from the Galapagos, Darwin hypothesized that a new species could appear ______.</p><p>7. Darwin also read an essay by Thomas Malthus that greatly influenced his thinking. In this essay, Malthus that suggested that ______</p><p>______</p><p>8. This led Darwin to propose his theory of ______as the mechanism whereby new species appear. 9. List the four principles of natural selection.</p><p>1) ______2) ______3) ______4) ______</p><p>10. What does the term evolution mean to biologists? ______</p><p>______</p><p>11. Compare and contrast the terms natural selection and artificial selection. </p><p>Similarity ______Difference______15.2 Evidence for Evolution</p><p>1. List 5 the categories of evidence for evolution.</p><p>1) ______2) ______3) ______4) ______5) ______</p><p>2. How does the fossil record provide evidence for evolution? ______</p><p>______</p><p>3. The structures shown above are considered to be ______structures because ______</p><p>Chapter 15 Reading Guide 2 4. What are analogous structures? ______</p><p>______</p><p>5. How do homologous and analogous structures differ?</p><p>______</p><p>6. The structures indicated by the arrows in the above illustrations are called ______structures because ______.</p><p>7. List three other examples of such structures:</p><p>1) ______2) ______3) ______</p><p>8. How does comparative embryology suggest evolutionary relationships? </p><p>______</p><p>9. Comparative biochemistry also shows common ancestry. Look at Figure 15.9 in your text. Would the cytochrome c of a reptile of a duck be expected to have more amino acid differences when compared with that of a human? ______Explain your answer</p><p>______</p><p>Chapter 15 Reading Guide 3 10. How do DNA and RNA demonstrate a similar biochemical pattern? ______</p><p>______</p><p>11. Define the term biogeography. ______</p><p>______</p><p>12. What is an adaptation? ______</p><p>______</p><p>13. How do organisms “adapt” to an environment. (e.g., can individuals evolve?) ______</p><p>______</p><p>14. What is meant by the term “fitness?” ______</p><p>______</p><p>15. How do mimicry and camouflage increase the fitness of a species? ______</p><p>______</p><p>16. How might an albino of a species that is normally green and lives among leaves, be less fit?”</p><p>______</p><p>17. From your experience and personal observations, list three adaptations each for animals and plants that increase their fitness:</p><p>Animals 1) ______2) ______3) ______</p><p>Plants 1) ______2) ______3) ______</p><p>Chapter 15 Reading Guide 4</p>