<p> Chapter 14: The Nation Divided</p><p>Section 1: Growing Tensions over Slavery:</p><p> popular sovereignty: people vote on slavery instead of government deciding </p><p> secede: to break away what the southern states planned to do if the north got to much power</p><p> fugitive: a runaway slave</p><p> Henry Clay: “the great compromiser” He came up with the Missouri Compromise He was trying to come up with a new compromise for California</p><p> John C. Calhoun: southerner who is against compromise he wanted slavery everywhere!</p><p> Daniel Webster: wanted to preserve the Union didn’t say whether he was pro-slavery or antislavery</p><p>Missouri Compromise - kept the number of slave states and free states EQUAL - did not apply to land won from Mexican-American war</p><p> as new territories were added on to the Union, the question became “Would those new states be FREE states or SLAVE states?” Wilmot Proviso – proposal that Congress should ban slavery in all territory that became a part of the Union as a result of the Mexican-American War * this NEVER became a law *</p><p> people went to California as a result of the California Gold Rush  the south wanted California to be admitted as a SLAVE state  the north wanted California to be admitted as a FREE state  the south threatened to secede from the Union if California was admitted to the Union as a FREE state</p><p>Section 2: Compromises Fail</p><p>Compromise of 1850 </p><p>1. California admitted to Union as a free state</p><p>2. Fugitive Slave Law – Northerners were now responsible for catching and returning runaway slaves</p><p>3. Slavery was banned in Washington, DC</p><p>4. Popular Sovereignty – used to decide whether slavery would be allowed in territories won from Mexico</p><p>5. Settled border dispute between Texas and Mexico</p><p>Who got the better deal? Most likely the north as slavery was banned from Washington, DC; and Fugitive Slave Law most likely not done---who would keep check on it??? This made southerners mad!</p><p>1820 Missouri Compromise – - line drawn between states - above line was FREE - below line was SLAVE - Exception: Missouri SLAVE state</p><p>Kansas-Nebraska Act – plan to form two territories where slavery was divided by popular sovereignty. - Stephen Douglas pushed this plan through the Senate - Northerners went south to vote and southerners went north to vote. “Bleeding Kansas” - this also undid the Missouri Compromise Uncle Tom’s Cabin – a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852) - book was about the cruelty of slavery - angered people in north (slaves/cruelty) - angered people in south (not all slave owners were cruel) Propaganda- taking something that may be true by stretching it</p><p>John Brown - an antislavery settler - murdered proslavery men and boys</p><p>Section 3: The Crisis Deepens</p><p>Dred Scott - a slave who sued for his freedom and LOST</p><p>Dred Scott Decision</p><p>* Supreme Court said that African Americans were NOT citizens</p><p>* Living in a FREE territory DID NOT make enslaved person FREE</p><p>* Slaves were property</p><p>This decision meant Slavery was LEGAL in ALL territories</p><p>John Brown’s Raid: seized guns in Harpers Ferry, Virginia wanted to revolt and free slaves he was captured, then sentenced to death *** increased tensions between the north and south*** Section 4: The Coming of the Civil War</p><p>Civil war: a war between opposing groups of citizens of the same country</p><p>Election of 1860  Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln  Northern Democrats chose Stephen Douglas  Southern Democrats chose John Breckinridge  Lincoln won the election</p><p>After Lincoln was elected the south felt that they no longer had any say in the government</p><p>South Carolina was 1st state to secede from the Union.</p><p>“The Confederate States of America “ was formed. </p><p>The seceding states took over: post offices, forts, and other federal property within their borders</p><p>April 12, 1861 Confederate leaders captured Fort Sumter , this was the beginning of the Civil War</p>