Chapter 14: The Nation Divided

Section 1: Growing Tensions over Slavery:

 popular sovereignty: people vote on slavery instead of government deciding

 secede: to break away what the southern states planned to do if the north got to much power

 fugitive: a runaway slave

 Henry Clay: “the great compromiser” He came up with the Missouri Compromise He was trying to come up with a new compromise for California

 John C. Calhoun: southerner who is against compromise he wanted slavery everywhere!

 Daniel Webster: wanted to preserve the Union didn’t say whether he was pro-slavery or antislavery

Missouri Compromise - kept the number of slave states and free states EQUAL - did not apply to land won from Mexican-American war

 as new territories were added on to the Union, the question became “Would those new states be FREE states or SLAVE states?” Wilmot Proviso – proposal that Congress should ban slavery in all territory that became a part of the Union as a result of the Mexican-American War * this NEVER became a law *

 people went to California as a result of the California Gold Rush  the south wanted California to be admitted as a SLAVE state  the north wanted California to be admitted as a FREE state  the south threatened to secede from the Union if California was admitted to the Union as a FREE state

Section 2: Compromises Fail

Compromise of 1850

1. California admitted to Union as a free state

2. Fugitive Slave Law – Northerners were now responsible for catching and returning runaway slaves

3. Slavery was banned in Washington, DC

4. Popular Sovereignty – used to decide whether slavery would be allowed in territories won from Mexico

5. Settled border dispute between Texas and Mexico

Who got the better deal? Most likely the north as slavery was banned from Washington, DC; and Fugitive Slave Law most likely not done---who would keep check on it??? This made southerners mad!

1820 Missouri Compromise – - line drawn between states - above line was FREE - below line was SLAVE - Exception: Missouri SLAVE state

Kansas-Nebraska Act – plan to form two territories where slavery was divided by popular sovereignty. - Stephen Douglas pushed this plan through the Senate - Northerners went south to vote and southerners went north to vote. “Bleeding Kansas” - this also undid the Missouri Compromise Uncle Tom’s Cabin – a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852) - book was about the cruelty of slavery - angered people in north (slaves/cruelty) - angered people in south (not all slave owners were cruel) Propaganda- taking something that may be true by stretching it

John Brown - an antislavery settler - murdered proslavery men and boys

Section 3: The Crisis Deepens

Dred Scott - a slave who sued for his freedom and LOST

Dred Scott Decision

* Supreme Court said that African Americans were NOT citizens

* Living in a FREE territory DID NOT make enslaved person FREE

* Slaves were property

This decision meant Slavery was LEGAL in ALL territories

John Brown’s Raid: seized guns in Harpers Ferry, Virginia wanted to revolt and free slaves he was captured, then sentenced to death *** increased tensions between the north and south*** Section 4: The Coming of the Civil War

Civil war: a war between opposing groups of citizens of the same country

Election of 1860  Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln  Northern Democrats chose Stephen Douglas  Southern Democrats chose John Breckinridge  Lincoln won the election

After Lincoln was elected the south felt that they no longer had any say in the government

South Carolina was 1st state to secede from the Union.

“The Confederate States of America “ was formed.

The seceding states took over: post offices, forts, and other federal property within their borders

April 12, 1861 Confederate leaders captured Fort Sumter , this was the beginning of the Civil War