<p>BIOLOGY 111 Holyoke Walsh FINAL EXAM REVIEW GUIDE</p><p>Section A: Scientific Processes & Introduction to Biology (Ch 1) Topics: Microscope Use | Scientific Method | </p><p>1. List the steps of the scientific method: ______</p><p>2. Understand how a controlled experiment is conducted. a. What is the manipulated variable in the A scientist wants to know if Miracle Grow will increase the experiment? number of tomatoes on his tomato plants. To tomato plant A he ______adds miracle grow; and to tomato plant B he does not add miracle grow. Both plants are given the same amount of light and water. b. What is the responding variable? After 6 weeks he counts the number of tomatoes are present on ______each plant. c. Which is the control group? ______Plant A = 9 Plant B = 4</p><p>3. Microscope Use: a. When first focusing the microscope, which objective do you use? ______Which focus knob? ______b. When using the high power objective, which focus knob do you use? ______c. What are the three objectives found on the microscopes you used in class? ______d. What part of the microscope can be used to adjust the amount of light? ______</p><p>4. Terms/Concepts</p><p> a. Biology ______b. Science ______c. Hypothesis ______d. Controlled Experiment ______e. Cell ______f. Organism ______g. Louis Pasteur ______h. Spontaneous Generation ______i. Homeostasis ______j. Reproduction ______k. Evolution ______l. Observations ______m. Theory ______5. What are the characteristics of all living things?</p><p>Section B: Cells & Cell Processes (Ch 7) Topics: Cell Structure | Organelles | Types of Cells | Cell Transport | Cell Division</p><p>1. What structure distinguishes a eukaryote from a prokaryote? ______2. What shape is a plant cell? ______An animal cell? ______3. What part of the cell is describe as selectively permeable? ______4. If you place a few drops of food coloring in a glass full of water, eventually all the water is colored. This is due to the process of ______5. For each of the structures listed, indicate whether it is found in PLANTS (P), ANIMALS (A), or BOTH (B) _____ Chloroplasts ______Cell Membrane ______Nucleus ______Cell Wall ______Mitochondria</p><p>6. In each of the situations pictured, indicate whether the cell will gain water, lose water, or stay the same. In each case, the cell in the beaker is 10% salt. </p><p>10% salt 2% salt 30% salt</p><p>7. Know the function of each of the cell organelles listed: a. Endoplasmic Reticulum ______b. Cell Membrane ______c. Ribosome ______d. Lysosome ______e. Nucleus ______</p><p>8. Identify the processes pictured </p><p>10. Label the Cell Cell Membrane: Outline the function of the different structures:</p><p>What are the functions of the cell membrane?</p><p>Compare/contrast active and passive transport. Use a diagram to explain your answer:</p><p>Section C: Taxonomy Topics: Classification | Theory of Evolution | The Six Kingdoms </p><p>1. The word “human” is a common name. What is the scientific name for humans? ______2. Know the taxonomic categories used to describe how organisms are classified. Kingdom, ______, Class, ______, Family, ______Species 3. What does the scientific name tell you about the organism? ______</p><p>4. Know what types or organisms go into each of the 6 Kingdoms</p><p>Animalia ______Plantae ______Fungi ______Protista ______Archaebacteria ______Eubacteria ______</p><p>5. Know the difference between a(n): prokaryote and eukaryote heterotroph and autotroph ______unicellular and multicellular mobile and sessile ______6. According to the cladogram, which two species are most closely related? ______</p><p>7. Outline 3 key points about scientific naming:</p><p>8. Do you know how to use a dichotomous key?</p><p>Section D: Bacteria & Viruses 1. Describe the characteristics of viruses. Are they considered to be living things?</p><p>2. What is a bacteriophage? Draw and label one.</p><p>3. List some diseases caused by viruses:</p><p>4. What is the difference between a lytic and lysogenic pathway?</p><p>5. How do vaccines work against viruses? Explain how infection by cowpox granted an immunity to smallpox:</p><p>6. Briefly, how does the body’s immune system defend against invaders? BACTERIA</p><p>7. Name the 2 Kingdoms in which bacteria are classified. What is the difference between the two?</p><p>8. List the 3 common shapes of bacteria. (sketch)</p><p>9. Describe how the gram stain is used to identify bacteria.</p><p>10. List some common diseases caused by bacteria.</p><p>11. How do bacteria reproduce? Obtain nutrition?</p><p>Section E: Kingdom Plantae 1. Plants can be either vascular or ______.</p><p>2. Vascular tissue includes a ______and a ______What do these structures do in plants?</p><p>3. Vascular plants are either gymnosperms or ______. What is the difference?</p><p>4. Angiosperms can be either monocots or ______. What is the difference?</p><p>5. What are the primary functions of roots, stems and leaves within a plant?</p><p>6. Outline briefly, the process of photosynthesis:</p><p>7. What are the main components of a flower? Can you label them? Review your lab. Section F: Kingdom Protista & Simple Animals Topics: Protozoans | Parasites | The Animal Kingdom | Sponges | Cnidarians </p><p>1. LABEL and IDENTIFY each of the Protists.</p><p>2. What is the function of the: Chloroplast ______Contractile Vacuole ______Micronucleus ______Food Vacuole ______Pseudopodia ______Pellicle ______Eyespot ______</p><p>3. How do each of these protists move? Euglena ______Paramecium ______Ameba ______</p><p>4. Animal-Like Protists are called ______5. To what KINGDOM do the ameba, euglena and paramecium belong? ______6. Check each organism if it is UNICELLULAR _____ Paramecium ______Hydra _____ Sponge _____ Roundworm ____ Ameba 7. For each of the following diseases, name the parasite, vector and symptoms: a. African sleeping sickness b. Malaria c. Giardia d. Amebic Dysentery</p><p>8. Where are most protozoans found? ______</p><p>9. What organisms belong to the PHYLUM PORIFERA? ______</p><p>10. Some animals are asymmetrical, what are the two types of symmetry found in other animals? ______</p><p>Sketch:</p><p>11. On the animal below, label the dorsal, ventral, posterior and anterior sides.</p><p>12. Unlike other animals, sponges do NOT have (check all that apply) ______symmetry ______cells ______tissues ______the ability to reproduce 13. Can sponges reproduce asexually? ______Sexually? ______15. What is a hermaphrodite? ______16. What does “sessile” mean? ______Name an organism that is sessile: ______17. To be classified into the animal kingdom, organisms must be (check all that apply) _____ Multicellular _____ Heterotrophic _____ Hermaphroditic ____ Mobile 18. Cnidarians use their tentacles for: ______19. Which of the following forms is the medusa? Which is the polyp?</p><p>Section G: Invertebrates Topics Covered: Roundworms | Flatworms | Mollusks | Annelids | Arthropods </p><p>1. What is regeneration? ______2. Roundworms belong to the Kingdom ______and the Phylum ______3. How might a person contract a tapeworm? ______4. Where does a parasitic tapeworm live in the body? [ blood / intestine / brain ] 5. Flatworms, such as the planarian, belong to the Kingdom ______and the Phylum ______7. What Phylum includes all the segmented worms, like a leech or earthworm? ______8. What group of animals is characterized by an exoskeleton? ______9. What are mandibles? ______10. What animal has suckers, a beak, and a fin (most of you dissected it in class) ______11. The digestive tract of an earthworm includes the following structures. Place them in the correct order. ___ Pharynx ___ Gizzard ____ Intestine ____ Mouth ____ Crop ____ Anus 12. In most animals, the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach is the ______13. Which of those structures grinds the food? ______Which stores food? ______Which is a muscle to help suck food (soil) in? ______14. The arrow on the drawing points to the ______What is the function of the structure? ______15. What are the three parts of the insect body plan? ______16. How many legs does an insect have? _____ How many legs does a spider have? ______17. What is the function of the “foot” of the mollusk? ______18. Do insects have antennae? ______Do spiders? ______Do crustaceans? ______19. What was the stiff shell-like structure you removed from the squid during the dissection? ______20. For each of the pairs, circle the set that is most closely related a. spiders & scorpions b. spiders & crabs a. sea anemone & sponge b. jellyfish & hydra a. earthworm & leech b. flatworm & roundworm a. crab & lobster b. lobster & millipede a. squid & jellyfish b. squid & snail 21. Identify the following organisms ( Mollusk, Tapeworm, Annelid, Flatworm, Cnidarian (Hydra), Crustacean)</p><p>22. On the Crayfish, identify the Antenna Cheliped Cephalothorax Abdomen Walking Legs Swimmerets</p><p>23. Of all the phyla, which contains the largest number of species? ______24. The tentacles of a cephalopod are used for what purpose? ______25. On the picture of the dogfish, identify the: (liver, stomach, intestines) 26. Check the box if it applies to the organism Crustacean Spider Insect Chelicerae Member of the Phylum Arthropoda Has 3 Body segments (head, thorax, abdomen) Has 2 Body segments (cephalothorax, abdomen)</p><p>27. What is metamorphosis? ______</p><p>Your personal study checklist: This is a table for you to list topics/definitions, etc. that you are still unfamiliar with and that will require extra study/help: Once you understand it – simply check it off on the right sided column.</p><p>TOPIC TO REVIEW</p><p>Be sure to review your: 1. Daily notes 2. Lab duotangs 3. Guided Readings 4. Quizzes/Tests</p><p>GOOD LUCK & STUDY HARD!!</p><p>Mrs. HW</p>