<p> HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1 ST SEMESTER EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2014</p><p>*100 multiple choice questions *Study your notes! </p><p>CHAPTER 1 Organization of the Human Body Levels of organization- smallest (atom) to most complex (organism)</p><p>Life processes (textbook page 6)</p><p>Homeostasis= definition, feedback systems (positive and negative)</p><p>Aging and Homeostasis=stress and disease Anatomical terms- body regions, directional terms, body cavities, quadrants Anatomical position</p><p>CHAPTER 4 Tissues Types of tissues and their characteristics: Epithelial tissue= each type, also know the layers in order from top to bottom</p><p>Connective tissue</p><p>Muscular tissue</p><p>Nervous tissue</p><p>Mucous membranes</p><p>Tissue repair=steps of repair (first step= inflammation)</p><p>Aging and tissues</p><p>CHAPTER 5 Integumentary System Skin structure=three layers, what are they made of?</p><p>Accessory structures of the skin (hair, glands, etc.)</p><p>Functions of skin</p><p>Aging and skin</p><p>Burns (check common disorders for this info.)</p><p>CHAPTER 6 Skeletal System Functions of bone</p><p>Types of bone</p><p>Structure of Bone=bone cells, marrow, periosteum, cartilage Bone formation= in long bone, epiphysis pushed away from diaphysis, cartilage formation, vitamins and minerals Fractures- types, bone healing Bones of the body Importance of flat bones Vertebral column- sections, curves, function</p><p>Axial versus appendicular skeleton Comparison of female and male skeletons</p><p>Aging and bones</p><p>CHAPTER 7 Joints Types of joints=immovable vs. movable Structure of joints- look at picture Movement of joints depends on amount of cartilage Injury to joints can be caused by flexibility of ligaments Ligaments versus tendons Direction of movement= actions like flexion, abduction, rotation, etc. Aging and joints </p><p>CHAPTER 8 Muscular System Types and functions of muscular tissue- smooth, skeletal, cardiac</p><p>How are muscles classified?</p><p>Structure of muscular tissue- sarcomere (actin, myosin), perimysium, epimysium, endomysioum, fascicle</p><p>Process of muscle contraction- also rigor mortis, tone, muscle pulls on bone (does not push) </p><p>Relaxation of muscle Metabolism- energy (what sources are available), muscle fatigue, oxygen debt, lactic acid</p><p>Muscle recruitment</p><p>Types of muscle fibers</p><p>Control of muscle tension- definition of a twitch, how do twitches occur?</p><p>Power of a muscle= determined by the number of muscle cells available Exercise Cardiac muscle vs. Smooth muscle</p><p>Muscle Tone Vocab.= flaccid, atrophy, hypertrophy</p><p>Aging Movement</p><p>Muscles of the body and their actions (random pick)</p><p>Common disorders- page 219 in textbook</p><p>Medical terminology and conditions- page 220</p>