<p>Chapter 42: Internal Transport (Circulation) – Guided Reading</p><p>1. Describe the function of the circulatory system. Specifically list 6 functions.</p><p>2. What are the 3 components of the circulatory system?</p><p>3. Compare and contrast open and closed circulation. What types of organisms have each kind?</p><p>4. Describe vertebrate blood including plasma and statistics for an average human concerning volumes.</p><p>5. What are the components of plasma?</p><p>6. Describe the 3 groups of plasma proteins and their functions.</p><p>1 7. In general, compare and contrast erythrocytes and leukocytes. (Include functions, structure, place of origin, etc.)</p><p>8. Name and describe the 5 types of leukocytes, making sure to discuss granular and agranular.</p><p>9. Describe platelets. What is their function? </p><p>10. Describe the process of clotting.</p><p>2 11. What are the 3 types of blood vessels?</p><p>12. What are the 3 layers of arteries and veins? What is the only layer present in capillaries – why?</p><p>13. Why did hearts evolve different adaptations in animals?</p><p>14. In general, what is the role of atria? Ventricles?</p><p>15. Describe the circulation patterns of animals by filling in the following table:</p><p>Animal Group # # Total # Single or Mixing of Sinus Atria Ventricles heart double circuit? oxygenated and venosus chambers deoxygenated present? blood?</p><p>16. Describe the following terms associated with the heart. a. Pericardium</p><p> b. Endothelium</p><p> c. Pericardial cavity</p><p>3 d. Septum</p><p> e. Right AV valve (tricuspid)</p><p> f. Left AV valve (mitral or bicuspid)</p><p> g. Chordae tendineae</p><p> h. Semilunar valves</p><p> i. Heart beat</p><p> i.i. Sinoatrial node</p><p> i.ii. Atrioventricular node</p><p> i.iii. Purkinje fibers</p><p> i.iv. Cardiac cycle</p><p> i.v. Systole</p><p> i.vi. Diastole</p><p> i.vii. “lub-dup”</p><p> i.viii. Heart murmur</p><p> i.ix. Electrocardiogram</p><p> i.ix.1. P wave</p><p> i.ix.2. QRS complex</p><p> i.ix.3. T wave</p><p>4 17. Describe the lymphatic system and its functions.</p><p>18. Define the following terms a. Lymph.</p><p> b. Lymph tissue</p><p> c. Lymph nodes/nodules</p><p> d. Lymphatics</p><p> e. Filtration pressure</p><p> f. Hydrostatic pressure</p><p> g. Colloid osmotic pressure</p><p> h. Edema</p><p>5</p>