Chapter 42: Internal Transport (Circulation) – Guided Reading
1. Describe the function of the circulatory system. Specifically list 6 functions.
2. What are the 3 components of the circulatory system?
3. Compare and contrast open and closed circulation. What types of organisms have each kind?
4. Describe vertebrate blood including plasma and statistics for an average human concerning volumes.
5. What are the components of plasma?
6. Describe the 3 groups of plasma proteins and their functions.
1 7. In general, compare and contrast erythrocytes and leukocytes. (Include functions, structure, place of origin, etc.)
8. Name and describe the 5 types of leukocytes, making sure to discuss granular and agranular.
9. Describe platelets. What is their function?
10. Describe the process of clotting.
2 11. What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
12. What are the 3 layers of arteries and veins? What is the only layer present in capillaries – why?
13. Why did hearts evolve different adaptations in animals?
14. In general, what is the role of atria? Ventricles?
15. Describe the circulation patterns of animals by filling in the following table:
Animal Group # # Total # Single or Mixing of Sinus Atria Ventricles heart double circuit? oxygenated and venosus chambers deoxygenated present? blood?
16. Describe the following terms associated with the heart. a. Pericardium
b. Endothelium
c. Pericardial cavity
3 d. Septum
e. Right AV valve (tricuspid)
f. Left AV valve (mitral or bicuspid)
g. Chordae tendineae
h. Semilunar valves
i. Heart beat
i.i. Sinoatrial node
i.ii. Atrioventricular node
i.iii. Purkinje fibers
i.iv. Cardiac cycle
i.v. Systole
i.vi. Diastole
i.vii. “lub-dup”
i.viii. Heart murmur
i.ix. Electrocardiogram
i.ix.1. P wave
i.ix.2. QRS complex
i.ix.3. T wave
4 17. Describe the lymphatic system and its functions.
18. Define the following terms a. Lymph.
b. Lymph tissue
c. Lymph nodes/nodules
d. Lymphatics
e. Filtration pressure
f. Hydrostatic pressure
g. Colloid osmotic pressure
h. Edema
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