<p> KEY: Mitosis, Meiosis, Chromosomes Test Review 1. Where is the nondisjunction on the karyotype? Chromosome 18</p><p>2. Is this male or female? Male, because there is a Y</p><p>3. What is Klinefelters syndrome? (Be able to recognize a </p><p>Klinefelters karyotype) trisomy of the sex chromosomes (XXY) </p><p> resulting from nondisjunction during anaphase I or II</p><p>4. What is Down’s syndrome? (Be able to recognize a Down </p><p> syndrome karyotype) trisomy of chromosome 21 resulting from nondisjunction during anaphase I or II</p><p>5. What is Turner’s syndrome? (Be able to recognize a Turner’s syndrome karyotype) monosomy of the sex </p><p> chromosomes (XO) resulting from nondisjunction during anaphase I or II</p><p>6. What is a karyotype? Picture of a person’s chromosomes arranged from largest to smallest in homologous pairs with </p><p> the sex chromosomes at the end.</p><p>7. What are autosomes? Chromosomes that do not code for sex How many are in the above karyotype? 45</p><p>8. On a normal human karyotype: how many autosomes are there? 44 </p><p> how many sex chromosomes? + 2 </p><p>TOTAL chromosomes? = 46</p><p>9. What is a chromosome? structure composed of chromatin that contains a particular set of genes</p><p>10. What is chromatin? the material chromosomes are made of; composed of DNA and protein</p><p>11. What is a chromatid? a single copy of a chromosome attached at the centromere to another</p><p>12. What is a deletion mutation? change in the chromosome structure due to the loss of a piece of a chromosome</p><p>13. What is an inversion mutation? change in the chromosome structure due to the reversal of a sequence of genes </p><p>14. What is a duplication mutation? change in the chromosome structure due to the repetition of one or more genes</p><p>15. What type of cells are gametes? haploid sex cells</p><p>16. What type of cells are somatic cells? diploid body cells</p><p>17. If an animal has 40 chromosomes in each of its somatic cells and divides in mitosis how many chromosomes will the </p><p> new (daughter) cells have? 40</p><p>18. What is purpose of mitosis? growth, repair and (asexual) reproduction</p><p>19. Mitosis produces how many new cells? 2 Are those new cells haploid or diploid? diploid 20. Meiosis produces how many new cells? 4 Are those new cells haploid or diploid? haploid</p><p>21. How are mitosis and meiosis different? Mitosis is cell division of a diploid cell to form 2 identical diploid cells; </p><p> meiosis is cell division of a diploid cell to form 4 unique haploid cells. In mitosis there is one replication and one </p><p> division; in meiosis there is one replication and 2 divisions. </p><p>22. What is crossing over? the exchange of pieces of chromosomes between homologous pairs during prophase I of </p><p> meiosis</p><p>23. What advantage does crossing over give a species? greater genetic variation in the gene pool which makes them more</p><p> likely to survive a change to their environment</p><p>24. If a cell is diploid with 40 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each new cell have after MEIOSIS? 20</p><p>25. What is the advantage of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction has 3 places at </p><p> which genetic variation can occur – crossing over, independent assortment and random fertilization. This increases </p><p> genetic diversity in the population.</p><p>26. Which type of cell, somatic or gamete, could be more likely to pass a change/damage from parent to offspring? </p><p> gamete</p><p>27. What are homologous chromosomes? Chromosomes similar in size, shape and genes How can you tell? ______</p><p>Draw a pair of homologous chromosomes. </p><p>28. Fill out the following chart</p><p>. Mitosis Meiosis</p><p>Produces: gametic cells / somatic cells (circle one) Produces: gametic Cells / somatic Cells (circle one)</p><p>Starts with diploid cells Starts with diploid cells</p><p> diploid / haploid (circle one) diploid / haploid (circle one)</p><p>How many times does the cell go through interphase?1 How many times does the cell go through interphase? 1</p><p>How many times does the nucleus divide? 1 How many times does the nucleus divide? 2</p><p>End results in 2 IDENTICAL daughter cells End results in 4 unique daughter cells</p><p>Daughter cells are diploid / haploid (circle one) Daughter cells are diploid / haploid (circle one) sexual or asexual reproduction (circle one) sexual or asexual reproduction (circle one) Somatic Cell Gamete Cell Diploid # Haploid #</p><p>Organism Chromosomes # Chromosomes # Human 46 23 46 23 Cow 60 30 60 30 Mosquito 6 3 6 Chicken 78 39 78 39 - A beaver’s diploid number is 30. What is its haploid number? 15</p><p>- Each gamete cell in a donkey has 31 chromosomes. How many chromosomes in a donkey’s somatic cells? 62</p><p>- A gorilla’s diploid number is 48. How many chromosomes are in each gamete cell? 24</p><p>- Each somatic cell in a kangaroo has 12 chromosomes. What is the kangaroo’s haploid number? 6</p>