Mitosis, Meiosis, Chromosomes and DNA Replication Test

KEY: Mitosis, Meiosis, Chromosomes Test Review 1. Where is the nondisjunction on the karyotype? Chromosome 18

2. Is this male or female? Male, because there is a Y

3. What is Klinefelters syndrome? (Be able to recognize a

Klinefelters karyotype) trisomy of the sex chromosomes (XXY)

resulting from nondisjunction during anaphase I or II

4. What is Down’s syndrome? (Be able to recognize a Down

syndrome karyotype) trisomy of chromosome 21 resulting from nondisjunction during anaphase I or II

5. What is Turner’s syndrome? (Be able to recognize a Turner’s syndrome karyotype) monosomy of the sex

chromosomes (XO) resulting from nondisjunction during anaphase I or II

6. What is a karyotype? Picture of a person’s chromosomes arranged from largest to smallest in homologous pairs with

the sex chromosomes at the end.

7. What are autosomes? Chromosomes that do not code for sex How many are in the above karyotype? 45

8. On a normal human karyotype: how many autosomes are there? 44

how many sex chromosomes? + 2

TOTAL chromosomes? = 46

9. What is a chromosome? structure composed of chromatin that contains a particular set of genes

10. What is chromatin? the material chromosomes are made of; composed of DNA and protein

11. What is a chromatid? a single copy of a chromosome attached at the centromere to another

12. What is a deletion mutation? change in the chromosome structure due to the loss of a piece of a chromosome

13. What is an inversion mutation? change in the chromosome structure due to the reversal of a sequence of genes

14. What is a duplication mutation? change in the chromosome structure due to the repetition of one or more genes

15. What type of cells are gametes? haploid sex cells

16. What type of cells are somatic cells? diploid body cells

17. If an animal has 40 chromosomes in each of its somatic cells and divides in mitosis how many chromosomes will the

new (daughter) cells have? 40

18. What is purpose of mitosis? growth, repair and (asexual) reproduction

19. Mitosis produces how many new cells? 2 Are those new cells haploid or diploid? diploid 20. Meiosis produces how many new cells? 4 Are those new cells haploid or diploid? haploid

21. How are mitosis and meiosis different? Mitosis is cell division of a diploid cell to form 2 identical diploid cells;

meiosis is cell division of a diploid cell to form 4 unique haploid cells. In mitosis there is one replication and one

division; in meiosis there is one replication and 2 divisions.

22. What is crossing over? the exchange of pieces of chromosomes between homologous pairs during prophase I of

meiosis

23. What advantage does crossing over give a species? greater genetic variation in the gene pool which makes them more

likely to survive a change to their environment

24. If a cell is diploid with 40 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each new cell have after MEIOSIS? 20

25. What is the advantage of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction has 3 places at

which genetic variation can occur – crossing over, independent assortment and random fertilization. This increases

genetic diversity in the population.

26. Which type of cell, somatic or gamete, could be more likely to pass a change/damage from parent to offspring?

gamete

27. What are homologous chromosomes? Chromosomes similar in size, shape and genes How can you tell? ______

Draw a pair of homologous chromosomes.

28. Fill out the following chart

. Mitosis Meiosis

Produces: gametic cells / somatic cells (circle one) Produces: gametic Cells / somatic Cells (circle one)

Starts with diploid cells Starts with diploid cells

diploid / haploid (circle one) diploid / haploid (circle one)

How many times does the cell go through interphase?1 How many times does the cell go through interphase? 1

How many times does the nucleus divide? 1 How many times does the nucleus divide? 2

End results in 2 IDENTICAL daughter cells End results in 4 unique daughter cells

Daughter cells are diploid / haploid (circle one) Daughter cells are diploid / haploid (circle one) sexual or asexual reproduction (circle one) sexual or asexual reproduction (circle one) Somatic Cell Gamete Cell Diploid # Haploid #

Organism Chromosomes # Chromosomes # Human 46 23 46 23 Cow 60 30 60 30 Mosquito 6 3 6 Chicken 78 39 78 39 - A beaver’s diploid number is 30. What is its haploid number? 15

- Each gamete cell in a donkey has 31 chromosomes. How many chromosomes in a donkey’s somatic cells? 62

- A gorilla’s diploid number is 48. How many chromosomes are in each gamete cell? 24

- Each somatic cell in a kangaroo has 12 chromosomes. What is the kangaroo’s haploid number? 6