Aeronautics and Space Report of the President Fiscal Year 1992 Activities NOTE TO READERS: ALL PRINTED PAGES ARE INCLUDED, UNNUMBERED BLANK PAGES DURING SCANNING AND QUALITY CONTROL CHECK HAVE BEEN DELETED Aeronautics and Space Report of the President Fiscal Year 1992 Activities 1993 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC 20546 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................. 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration ................................................................................................................ 1 Department of Defense ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Department of Commerce ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Department of Energy .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Department of Interior ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Department of Agriculture ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Federal Communications Commission ................................................................................................................................. 5 Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Office of Commercial Space Transportation .................................................................................................................... 6 Environmental Protection Agency ......................................................................................................................................... 7 National Science Foundation .................................................................................................................................................. 7 Smithsonian Institution ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 Department of State .................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency ............................................................................................................................. 8 United States Information Agency ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Space Launch Activities Space Shuttle Missions ............................................................................................................................................................. 9 Expendable Launches ............................................................................................................................................................... 9 Space Science Astronomy and Space Physics .............................................................................................................................................. 11 Solar System Exploration ....................................................................................................................................................... 14 Other Space Science ................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Space Flight and Space Technology Space Shuttle ............................................................................................................................................................................ 17 New Launch System ............................................................................................................................................................... 18 Other Launch Systems ........................................................................................................................................................... 18 Satellites .................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Space Station Freedom ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 Energy ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 22 Safety and Mission Quality ................................................................................................................................................... 24 Other Space Technology ........................................................................................................................................................ 24 Space Communications Communications Satellites .................................................................................................................................................... 27 Space Network ........................................................................................................................................................................ 28 Communications and Data Systems .................................................................................................................................... 29 Ground Network ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Aeronautical Activities Technological Developments ................................................................................................................................................ 31 Air Traffic Control and Navigation ...................................................................................................................................... 37 Weather-related Aeronautical Activities ............................................................................................................................. 39 Flight Safety and Security ...................................................................................................................................................... 40 Aviation Medicine and Human Factors .............................................................................................................................. 42 Studies of the Planet Earth Uses of Remote Sensing ......................................................................................................................................................... 43 Environmental Concerns ....................................................................................................................................................... 45 Atmospheric Sciences and Oceanography .......................................................................................................................... 45 i Other Aeronautical and Space Activities Arms Control of Space Related Weaponry ......................................................................................................................... 51 Cooperation with the Former Soviet Union ........................................................................................................................ 52 Other Foreign Policy Issues ................................................................................................................................................... 52 International Conferences ...................................................................................................................................................... 55 Regulation of Commercial Space Industries ....................................................................................................................... 55 Commercial Development of Space Technology ............................................................................................................... 56 Space Education and Publicity .............................................................................................................................................. 58 Glossary ................................................................................................................................................................................... 61 Appendices A-1 U.S. Government Spacecraft Record ......................................................................................................................... 73 A-2 World Record. Launches Successful in Attaining Earth Orbit or Beyond ........................................................... 74 A-3 Successful U.S. Launches. Oct . 1. 1991-Sept