KAHOʻOLAWE ISLAND RESERVE BIOSECURITY IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Little Fire Ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) G. Brilmyer Ship Rat (Rattus rattus) Prepared by LYMAN L. ABBOTT, JAMES C. BRUCH AND PAUL K. HIGASHINO VER. 7 FEBRUARY 2017 Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Biosecurity Implementation Plan Version Date Authors 1 February 15, 2016 Lyman L. Abbott and James C. Bruch 2 March 15, 2016 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 3 May 1, 2016 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 4 August 1, 2016 “ “ “ “ “ and Paul K. Higashino 5 September 15, 2016 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 6 January 15 2017 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 7 February 10, 2017 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Recommended Citation; KIRBIP, 2017. Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Biosecurity Implementation Plan. February, 2017. Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission, 811 Kolu St Suite 201, Wailuku, HI 96793. 104pp. Contributors: Lyman L. Abbott, James C. Bruch, Paul K. Higashino, Dean Tokishi (KIRC), Chad Hanson (Island Conservation) and Pete McClelland (Pete McClelland Environmental Services), Forest and Kim Starr. Prepared for: Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission, Hawaiʻi Invasive Species Council, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Reviewed by: Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission, Island Conservation. Grant Funding: Hawaiʻi Invasive Species Council, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. 2 Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Biosecurity Implementation Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................... 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 10 I. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .................................................................... 11 Natural History ........................................................................................................... 12 Land Use and Land Owners ...................................................................................... 13 Biosecurity for Parsons-UXB Clearance Project (1998 - 2003) .................................. 14 Hawaiʻi Invasive Species Council (HISC) ................................................................... 15 Cultural Protocols and Ceremonial Offerings ............................................................. 16 Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve (KIR) Biosecurity Advisory Committee ........................... 17 II. PROBLEM / NEED ................................................................................................... 18 Potential Harm from Invasive Alien Species (IAS) ..................................................... 18 Biosecurity Threats from IAS in Hawaiʻi to Kahoʻolawe .............................................. 18 Goal of the KIR Biosecurity Implementation Plan ...................................................... 19 Three Actions of the KIR Biosecurity Implementation Plan ........................................ 20 Prevention .................................................................................................................. 20 Detection .................................................................................................................... 21 Response ................................................................................................................... 21 Biosecurity Signs ....................................................................................................... 22 Biosecurity Plan Goals and Actions ........................................................................... 22 III. CURRENT OPERATIONS ....................................................................................... 25 Volunteer Orientation and Biosecurity Protocols ........................................................ 25 KIRC and PKO Website ............................................................................................. 26 Kihei Boathouse Property .......................................................................................... 26 Land Based Biosecurity and Standard Operating Protocols ...................................... 28 IAS Rapid Response Kit and IAS Quarantine Form ................................................... 30 Kihei Boathouse Rodent Control ................................................................................ 31 Kihei Boathouse/Nursery Ant and IAS Arthropod Control .......................................... 33 Ant control .................................................................................................................. 34 Contact Pesticides ..................................................................................................... 34 Baits ........................................................................................................................... 34 3 Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Biosecurity Implementation Plan Toxicant Baits: ........................................................................................................... 34 Insect Growth Regulators:.......................................................................................... 35 Barrier Treatments: .................................................................................................... 36 Ant Bait Treatments for the Kihei Boathouse ............................................................. 37 Ant Barrier Treatments ............................................................................................... 37 Co-operative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) .......................................................... 38 Ant Taxa Observed at Kihei Boathouse ..................................................................... 40 IAS Plant Control at the Kihei Boathouse Property .................................................... 41 Standard Operating Protocols for the Transportation of Plants to Kahoʻolawe .......... 42 Plant Nurseries on Maui ............................................................................................. 42 KIRC Kihei Nursery .................................................................................................... 43 Ocean Based Biosecurity ........................................................................................... 44 Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve (KIR) .............................................................................. 44 Alien Aquatic Organisms ............................................................................................ 47 Dive Gear ................................................................................................................... 47 Virkron® for Hull Fouling and Anchors ....................................................................... 47 Additional Recommendations .................................................................................... 49 Kihei Boathouse ......................................................................................................... 49 Cargo Management ................................................................................................... 49 Use of Vessels ........................................................................................................... 50 Transportation of Plants and Vegetation .................................................................... 50 Personal Gear ............................................................................................................ 51 Early Morning Inspection Conditions .......................................................................... 51 Management Support ................................................................................................ 51 Contractor Specific Biosecurity .................................................................................. 51 Types of Rodent and Plant Species ........................................................................... 52 Protect Kahoʻolawe Ohana (PKO) ............................................................................. 52 Capital Improvement Project (CIP) ............................................................................ 52 Ala Loa Construction .................................................................................................. 52 Helicopter Operations ................................................................................................ 53 IV: SITE SPECIFIC IAS PRESENT ON KAHOʻOLAWE .............................................. 54 Kahoʻolawe Botanical Surveys and Results ............................................................... 54 4 Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Biosecurity Implementation Plan IAS Flora Observed on the Four Botanical Surveys ................................................... 55 Additional Recommendations for Site Specific IAS on Kahoʻolawe ........................... 56 Island-wide Eradication of Invasive Mammals ........................................................... 56 Detection on Kahoʻolawe ........................................................................................... 57 Early Detection and Rapid Response on Kahoʻolawe ................................................ 57 Hawaiʻi Growers Products .......................................................................................... 58 Response