Session 5 Agenda 8:30-8:45 Prior sessions recap and Session 5 intro 8:45-10:15 Passive strategies 10:15-10:45 Natural ventilation exercise 10:45-11:00 Break 11:00-12:15 Passive case studies 12:15-12:30 Conclusion / Q&A Logistics and Expectations - Be on time - Be open, honest and candid - Safe learning environment - Smartphone/Blackberry off please -Get to know your new BSA Space- feel at home here! Quick overviews-Three related 2030 advocates: The 2030 AIA 2030 AIA+2030 Challenge Commitment Professional Series Architecture 2030 - Non-profit organization founded by Ed Mazria in 2002. - Authors of “The 2030 Challenge” - Major Goal: To achieve a dramatic reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the Building Sector by changing the way buildings and developments are planned, designed and constructed. Architecture 2030 The 2030 Challenge How: - Design strategies - Technologies/systems - Off-site renewables Source: www.architecture2030.org 60% of what? AIA 2030 Commitment American Institute of Architects requirements Two months Six months One year Annually Establish a Implement min. Develop sustainability Report progress team or leader of four actions action plan that toward goals to guide the items related to demonstrates success and share firm’s plan firm operations toward 2030 goals publicly Source: www.aia.org AIA 2030 Commitment Reporting summary FIRM NAME ALL OFFICES Design Work 2009 Overall Course Goals “The AIA+2030 Professional Series helps design professionals create buildings that meet the ambitious energy efficiency goals of the Architecture 2030 Challenge. Ten 4-hour sessions offer strategies to reach 60% reduction in fossil fuel greenhouse gas emissions, giving design professionals the knowledge and leverage to create next-generation, super efficient buildings-and providing firms with the skills that will set them apart in the marketplace.” LAND USE WATER ENERGY MATERIALS HEALTH AIR QUAILITY Boston Series (Today) 3/16/12 SETTING + ACHIEVING ENERGY GOALS WITH INTEGRATED DESIGN™ 4/13/12 GETTING TO 60: THE POWER OF TARGETS + LOAD REDUCTIONS™ 5/11/12 ACCENTUATE THE POSITIVE: CLIMATE RESPONSIVE DESIGN™ 6/8/12 SKINS: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE THERMAL ENVELOPE™ 7/13/12 PASSIVELY AGGRESSIVE: EMPLOYING PASSIVE SYSTEMS FOR LOAD REDUCTION™ 8/10/12 ILLUMINATING SAVINGS: DAYLIGHTING AND INTEGRATED LIGHTING STRATEGIES™ 9/7/12 RIGHT-SIZED: EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS FOR SUPER-EFFICIENT BUILDING SYSTEMS™ 10/12/12 SITE POWER: RENEWABLE ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES™ 11/9/12 THE HAND-OFF + STAYING IN SHAPE: OPERATIONS, MAINTENANCE + EDUCATION™ 12/14/12 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: ACHIEVING 2030 GOALS ON THE PROJECT AND AT THE OFFICE™ pas·sive-ag·gres·sive ag·gres·sive·ly pas·sive (păs'ĭv-ə-grĕs'ĭv) (ə-grĕs'ĭv-li păs'ĭv) adj. Personality disorder adj. Forcefully attacking a design characterized by passive resistance project, looking to capitalize on to demands for adequate inexpensive energy saving performance in occupational or strategies that a caveman (or social situations, as by cavewoman) would recognize. procrastination, stubbornness, sullenness, and inefficiency. ….and so low maintenance! solar orientation thermal mass natural ventilation What happens when we go from this-to this? AIA+2030 Series, Session 5 July 13, 2012 Lecturers: Gunnar Hubbard, AIA, USGBC®Faculty™ Principal, Thornton Tomasetti Matthew Payne, VP Built Ecology $%# "& % ' % ! ()#* ( '$%# "+ , - % (!'( )'( %#( . % '+ + / % . % 0 % ) (, !, !"# 12 "3)4 !'5 - 5 + ! " • 6% + " (7 "8 ! ( 9 . ( '( " • ( '.# % ! :!! ! '! . " (7 "( % !' ) ( " "#% . ! • ; % ') : " ()# %# " " (7 "8 ! #! $ " • ( ! ) "#! ))4 !'5 . $ " • "# " < ( "#* # " . % 4 ! • ; !! %. "#* #= *>(( ! ) +# % . " "# " • ( '.#) ( ". ( ' " • % ! % 5 ( "( ( '.#) ( " "#( • ( ( (! .! ) ( "% . ! % & • ( '.#! '! . 5 % % ) . ) ( " "#! %' • % ! .# " . ; " ) (" " • ( ( ! ! (! !'%% ' . ( " " " % . ! 5 % !"# ' ( )* *%!% '. / ( + ) ) 1 • ( : % 5 # ( ( '.# % ! :! .% 5 ( " • %% 9 !'5 .5 % 5 " ) ( ? 5 ) ! • ( + !. . " + ) 0 #) !! .% '! 3 • (!'- !% • $. • $ • 8 5 @ '" • 8 5 $ "A B '' • & • $ ( !"# Passive Design The engineer’s perspective.. • ‘HOW’ to effectively use passive design techniques • Learn how to spot the opportunity • Identify an appropriate technique • Use rules of thumb to integrate the idea into the design • Quantify the expected performance (thermal comfort, energy) • Analysis tools to optimize the design • Potential Pitfalls • Focus on three primary techniques • Solar orientation • Natural ventilation • Thermal mass A specialist service of WSP Flack + Kurtz Let’s review what impacts comfort + , -. % ( # (# "C # ( ' ( ' " !'5 # ( ! " C # 5 ! # ) ! TRANSSOLAR KLIMAENGINEERING !"# 8 ( ! (8 ! " .7 ' : (=887> !5 '!! % + !( ' " 5'5 !. !! %1 ! " .! % .! % % EF$G 8 ( ! (% ! " .( ' : (=887>!! ( "8 .,3,<" ( 9 .! % H( ! ( ' I! + 0 "! " 5 ! #, H ( #"0" TRANSSOLAR KLIMAENGINEERING HOT SHOWERS AND COLD BEER First: Understand the climate !"# D @ '" $ " !"# !"# J Passive Heating MIT House 1939 OLD SCHOOL IF IT LOOKS GOOD IT PROBRABLY ISNT MAKING THE BUILDING MORE EFFICIENT !"# HOW MUCH CAN PASSIVE HELP? In discussing solar energy, the SOLAR SAVINGS FRACTION or solar fraction is the amount of energy provided by the solar technology divided by the total energy required for heating (heating load). $" #2'( , B!5 $2'( DL, A +M 0AM2'( D, & <22'( ,K THERES LOTS OF SUNSO USE IT !"# K 0 $ 7 ( $ ( 1 ( " ! ! ,! *( ( "2( ± M = I + S ± T ± O Where: M = Mechanical heating (-) or cooling (+) I = Internal gains S = Solar gains T = Transmission through envelope (+ or -) O = Outside air load (+ or -) – from Climate Analysis # 6 #2( 7 ( • $% ( – 8 % " !% C % !, • N? ( ( # " + – - ( ! 5 + ( =OD+ .> – 3I! #% !#5 ( ( =JOK+ .> – 2)( ( !.! ' #% !#5 " ( =DN .> !"# L BUT DONT YOU HAVE ANY DATED EXAMPLES OF 1960s ERA HIPPIE COMMUNES THAT SHOW HOW TO DO THIS? P73Q =( ! + 9> TWO MAJOR KINDS OF SOLAR HEATED SPACES. DIRECT & INDIRECT GAIN GAIN 8 P (" P," " !, DIRECT GAIN !"# A • !(! + # '"( ( . 6% " ! " . RR. ) ( "S + JT U.( ) ( ( (% C .. " , Edward Mazria – Stockebrand Residence 80%REDUCIT ON IN ENERGY COMSUMPTION DIRECT GAIN Factors affecting performance • Orientation & location of glazing • Size and type of glazing • Detail of thermal mass • Overall building heat loss coefficient • Arrangement of furniture in solar rooms • Thermal coupling between solar and non solar spaces • Control of gain and loss thru glazing !"# DIRECT GAIN ORIENTATION HEMICYCLE HOUSE !"# EARTH REMOVED FROM SOUTH bermed ON NORTH DRAWBACKS single glazing was typical at the end of WWII, and insulation in walls and ceilings was minimal. NoonJune21,2000 !"# !"# D !"# !"# J / 0 # (!'$ !"# $ & !V ( (!'$ )#& ( " "#$ & !V ( !"# K A INDIRECT GAIN SPACES !"# L Collecting Storage (Trombe - Michel Type Walls) KELBAUGH HOUSE, PRINCETON NEW JERSEY Kelbaugh House Princeton NJ: 1. DIRECT GAIN 2. INDIRECT GAIN 3. ISOLATED GAIN !"# LARGE OPENINGS FOR DIRECT GAIN, SMALL ONES FOR INDIRECT WHY IS THIS HERE? The sunspace AT FIRST THE wasSUNSPACE at first notWASN T isolatedSEPARATED from FROM the mainTHE floor MAIN LIVING SPACE space. !"# THE FIRST WINTER THE FAMILY INSTALLED A HEAVY INSULATING CURTAIN BETWEEN THE ATTACHED SUNSPACE AND THE KTICHEN. THIS ALLOWED THEM TO CLOSE OFF THE SUNSPACE IF IT WAS EVER TOO HOT OR TOO COLD WHY WOULD IT BE TOO COLD? INSULATE BEFORE YOU INSOLATE !"# SUN: FRIEND OR FOE? LETS TAKE A CLOSER LOOK !"# *( ( "V ( 8 % ' (V + ! " , (V + (3) (2 (2+O W, !"# D !"# So what’s the answer? Thomas Herzog - 1977 !"# J A & '! % 5 '" • 3 ( '% 4 ! ( ! !5 #++ (+ % ! :!' 1 . ( . .X( , • & !- ) + " # % ! .# " % "; " + ! O.O" *O.! + ,=-OL>( @V$5 " ,J,N " ? " " )KR. " () O"; (! V* (% 5 ( Y)+ " :!# , • % . + 0 +%O % . "+ (+ % 5 ( )UZ(# " ( ! O" %' ) # 4 DUZ(#!% (+ KUZ(#. ( + (+ , 3 '(& " (# *& & ( ! ! ) $ N ! & ! !1-$ ! ! - ! $) ( " !"# 3 '(& " (# *&& ) $ T() +.X( 0 -$ ! ! - ! $) (" BUT DONT YOU HAVE ANY MORE DATED EXAMPLES WITH FUZZY PICTURES??? !"# K CONVECTIVE LOOPS BAER SYSTEM Invented by Steve Baer • Designed for south facing slopes • 3 airflow paths • Uses rocks as thermal mass • Very effective in certain climates Convective Loops : Barra System Invented by Horazio Barra 1987 •THERMOSYPHONIC System •NO FANS NEEDED • Concrete technology (chanels) • Moves warmed air throughout entire building • Flow rate proportional to the square root of temperature elevation in the collector, ergo high temps under low radiation conditions • Sensitive to flow impediment •EQUAL N/S TEMP DISTRIBUTION !"# L WHAT IF YOU MADE A WHOLE ROOM INTO A SOLAR COLLECTOR? !"# Sun Spaces Advantages •Buffering •Increase Collection Potential •Add living space (semi-tempered) Types: Modified greenhouse Sunporch !"# WHAT ABOUT A MULTPLE FLOORS OF A BUILDING @ 5 ( ! ! 8 4 ! !"# @ 5 ( ! ! $% 6TN V ( ! @ 5 ( ! ! 8 4 ! @ 5 ( ! ! 8 4 ! !"# @ 5 ( ! ! $% 6 !"# D WHAT ABOUTTHE ROOF Roof Ponds !"# 123(1 4 5* 6 &[! &NN O ! !1$338@ )=> 5 7 2