4 January 2016 1 Topics in the History of Neuroscience PSYO/NESC 4587 [Dalhousie University, Faculty of Science] HSTC 4301.03 [King's College History of Science and Technology] Winter (Jan-April) 2016 Tuesdays & Thursdays 4:00-5:30 pm Room = Dunn 221C CHANGE Professor: Richard E. Brown E-mail: [email protected] LSC Room # 3335 Office hours: Tuesday and Thursday 2:00-4:00 PM or by appointment Course website on BBLEARN (OWL). Contact Jackie Benedict [[email protected]] This course examines the history of the attempts to find the neurobiological basis for human thought and behaviour. This will involve the examination of the theories, methods and experimental data, which have attempted to link neural activity with thought and behaviour. Historical documents and web-based resources will be used to examine original sources. Assignments. The course will consist of lectures by the professor and student presentations. Students will be expected to do the readings each week and write 3 short reports throughout the term (10 marks each), which will be presented to the class. Students will also present 3 long papers to the class as Power point presentations (3 x 20 marks) and participate in class discussions (10 marks). The final "term paper" will be an essay or website created by each student on one aspect of the history of Neuroscience (50 marks). Grades. Three short reports @10 marks each = 30 Three presentations @20 marks each = 60 Class discussion participation = 10 Website/Term paper = 50 For a total grade out of 150 marks. Grades are assessed on the Faculty of Science scale: 80%; 85%; 90% = A-, A, A+ 70%; 73%; 77% = B-, B, B+ 55%; 60%; 65% = C-, C, C+ 50% = D Below 50% = F. 4 January 2016 2 Background readings in Neuroscience. Because some students in the History of Science program may not have a background in neuroscience, the following background reading will be useful. Two small booklets introducing Neuroscience. Brain Facts: a primer on the brain and nervous system. Published by the Society for Neuroscience. 96 pages. Available on-line. [http://www.brainfacts.org/book] Neuroscience: the Science of the Brain. Published by the British Neuroscience Association and the European Dana Alliance for the Brain. 60 pages. Download from the Internet. Some introductory Neuroscience textbooks. Bear, M.F., Connors, B.W., and Paradiso, A.P. 2016. Neuroscience: Exploring the brain. (4th edition). Philadelphia: Lippincott. This book is an excellent introduction to neuroscience. Purves, D., Augustine, G.J., Fitzpatrick, D., Hall, W.C., LaMantia, A.-S. and White, L.E. 2012. Neuroscience, 5th edition. Sinauer Associates. Diamond, M.C., Scheibel, A.B., and Elson, L.M. 1985. The human brain coloring book. New York. Barnes and Noble Books. A fun way to learn neuroanatomy. Nolte, J. 2009. The human brain, Sixth edition. St. Louis, Mosby. An introduction to functional neuroanatomy. Some background references in the History of Neuroscience Afifi, A.K. & Bergman, R.A. 1998. Functional neuroanatomy, New York: McGraw-Hill. The margins of this text are filled with historical facts about the origins of neuroanatomical structures and discoveries. Brazier, M.A.B. 1988. A History of Neurophysiology in the 19th Century, New York: Raven Press. Burrell, B. 2004. Postcards from the brain museum: The improbable search for meaning in the matter of famous minds. New York: Broadway books. (356 pages) Clarke, E. and Dewhurst, K. 1972. An Illustrated History of Brain Function, Berkeley: University of California Press. Clarke, E. and O'Malley, C.D. 1968. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, Berkeley: University of California Press. Finger, S. 1994. The Origins of Neuroscience: A History of Explorations into Brain Function. New York: Oxford University Press. (462 pages). Finger, S. 2000. Minds behind the brain: A history of the pioneers and their discoveries. New York: Oxford University Press. (364 pages) 4 January 2016 3 Glickstein, M. 2014. Neuroscience: A historical introduction. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Gross, C.G., 1998. Brain, Vision, Memory. Tales in the History of Neuroscience, Cambridge MA, MIT Press. Marshall, L.H. & Magoun, H.W. 1998. Discoveries in the Human Brain, Totowa, Humana Press. Martensen, R.L., 2004. The Brain Takes Shape. An Early History, New York: Oxford University Press. Millon, T. 2004. Masters of the Mind. Exploring the Story of Mental Illness from Ancient Times to the New Millennium, Hoboken (NJ): Wiley. Rose, F.C. and Bynum, W.F. 1982. Historical Aspects of the Neurosciences. A Festschrift for Macdonald Critchely. New York: Raven Press. Sebastian, A. 2000. Dates in Medicine. A Chronological Record of Medical Progress Over Three Millennia, New York: Parthenon. Shepherd, G.M., 1991. Foundations of the Neuron Doctrine, New York: Oxford University Press. Shepherd, G.M. 2010. Creating modern neuroscience: The revolutionary 1950's. Oxford University Press. Swanson, L.W. 2015. Neuroanatomical terminology: A lexicon of classical origins and historical foundations. Oxford University Press. Squire, L. (editor). 1996-2014. The history of neuroscience in autobiography, 8 volumes. Published by the Society for Neuroscience. Each volume details the lives and discoveries of 14-16 eminent neuroscientists. Swartz, B.E. and Goldenshon, E.S. 1998. Timeline of the history of EEG and associated fields, Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 106:173-176. van Hemmen, J. L. & Sejnowski, T. 2006. 23 Problems in Systems Neuroscience. Oxford University Press. Wickins, A.P. 2015. A history of the brain: From stone age surgery to modern neuroscience. New York: Psychology Press. (389 pages). What if you wanted to buy a book for this course? The top 3 would be: 1. Wickins, A.P. 2015. A history of the brain: From stone age surgery to modern neuroscience. New York: Psychology Press. (389 pages). This book seems to have been written for this course. 2. Finger, S. 2000. Minds behind the brain: A history of the pioneers and their discoveries. New York: Oxford University Press. (364 pages) Biographical chapters in the history of neuroscience. 3. Finger, S. 1994. The Origins of Neuroscience: A History of Explorations into Brain Function. New York: Oxford University Press. (462 pages). An encyclopedic history of neuroscience. 4 January 2016 4 Course outline 2016 Class 1. Tues. 5 January 2016. Course outline. Why study the History of Neuroscience? The vanishing history of Neuroscience. The History of Neuroscience in Milan, Italy. Readings: Brown, R.E. 2014. Why study the history of neuroscience? Unpublished MS. [unwritten!] Brown R.E. 2014. The vanishing history of neuroscience. Unpublished MS. [unwritten!] Oxford University History of Neuroscience [History of medical sciences] website [https://cslide.medsci.ox.ac.uk/] 1.1. Santoro, G., Wood, M.D., Merlo, L., Anastasi, G.P., Tomasello, F., Germanò, A. 2009. The anatomic location of the soul from the heart, through the brain, to the whole body, and beyond: A journey through western history, science and philosophy. Neurosurgery 65: 633–643. 1.2. Kandel, E.R. and Squire, L.R. 2000. Neuroscience: Breaking down scientific barriers to the study of brain and mind. Science 290: 1113-1120. 1.3. Langmoen, IA and Apuzzo, MLJ. 2007. The brain on itself: Nobel laureates and the history of fundamental nervous system function. Neurosurgery 61, 891–908. 1.4. Kelenmann, H. and Wade, N. 2014. A short history of European neuroscience from the late 18th to the mid 20th century. 10 pages. FENS website: [www.FENS.org] Class 2. Th. 7 Jan. 2016. The History of Neuroscience in Florence, Italy. Leonardo da Vinci: Renaissance Neuroscientist. A Leonardo Tour of Italy. Original sources. The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci by Jean Paul Richter (1883) http://www.sacred-texts.com/aor/dv/ Leonardo wrote backwards in Italian. His book on Human Anatomy was never published and all we have are the pages of figures and jottings that survived from his notebooks. Many of these have been translated and published. This is the first time that the Da Vinci notebooks have appeared on the Internet with all of the images in context. This electronic edition is based on the Project Gutenberg e- text, with extensive additional material. Readings: 2.1. Del Maestro, R.F. 1998. Leonardo da Vinci: the search for the soul. Journal of Neurosurgery 89: 874–887. 2.2. Pevsner, J. 2002. Leonardo da Vinci’s contributions to neuroscience. Trends in Neurosciences 25: 217-220. 4 January 2016 5 2.3. Kemp, M. and Pagiavla, M. 2014. Inventory/The master's shelf. Culture: A quarterly journal of art and culture, issue 52 Celebration, pages 15-19. 2.4. Veltman. K. H. 1992. Leonardo da Vinci: Studies of the human body and principles of anatomy. Published in German as: Leonardo da Vinci Untersuchungen zum menschlichen Körper. In: Gepeinigt, begehrt, vergessen. Symbolik und Sozialbezug des Körpers im späten Mittelalter und in der fruhen Neuzeit, ed. Klaus Schreiner, Bad Homburg: Werner Reimers Stiftung, 1992, pp. 287-308. [from the internet] 2.5. Gross, C.G. 1997. Leonardo da Vinci on the brain and eye. The Neuroscientist, 3, 347-354. Class 3. Tues. 12 Jan. 2016. Leonardo da Vinci. Student presentations. Three students will be asked to present their papers each week (10 or 20 mark papers). See study questions for class 3. Class 4. Th. 14 Jan. 2016. Neuroscience in the ancient world 1: The ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks. Neuroscience in ancient India and China. Original sources. The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus: Hieroglyphic Transliteration, Translation And Commentary V1 Hardcover – May 23, 2010