TRANSFORMING LIBRARY SERVICES FOR COMPUTATIONAL RESEARCH WITH TEXT DATA Environmental Scan, Stakeholder Perspectives, and Recommendations for Libraries A Report from the IMLS National Forum on Data Mining Research Using In-Copyright and Limited-Access Text Datasets Megan Senseney, University of Arizona Eleanor Dickson Koehl, University of California, Los Angeles Beth Sandore Namachchivaya, University of Waterloo Bertram Ludäscher, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign TRANSFORMING LIBRARY SERVICES FOR COMPUTATIONAL RESEARCH WITH TEXT DATA Environmental Scan, Stakeholder Perspectives, and Recommendations for Libraries A Report from the IMLS National Forum on Data Mining Research Using In-Copyright and Limited-Access Text Datasets Megan Senseney, University of Arizona Eleanor Dickson Koehl, University of California, Los Angeles Beth Sandore Namachchivaya, University of Waterloo Bertram Ludäscher, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Association of College and Research Libraries A division of the American Library Association Chicago, Illinois 2021 © 2021 Association of College & Research Libraries, a division of the American Library Association. This work is issued under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license CC BY-NC 4.0. Citation: Association of College and Research Libraries. Transforming Library Services for Computational Research with Text Data: Environmental Scan, Stakeholder Perspectives, and Recommendations for Libraries. Megan Senseney, Eleanor Dickson Koehl, Beth Sandore Namachchivaya, and Bertram Ludäscher. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2021. Association of College & Research Libraries A division of the American Library Association Chicago, Illinois 2021 CONTENTS Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................2 Definitions ..................................................................................................................................................3 Text Data Mining ....................................................................................................................................................4 From Limited-Access to Use-Limited Data............................................................................................................4 Project Design ............................................................................................................................................5 Literature Review .......................................................................................................................................5 Background .............................................................................................................................................................5 Authors’ Guild Lawsuits ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Hargreaves Report and Subsequent Copyright Reform ................................................................................................. 7 Legal Precedents and Ongoing Uncertainty ..........................................................................................................7 Copyright and the Doctrine of Fair Use ......................................................................................................................... 7 Contract Law, CFAA, DMCA, and Other Legal Considerations .................................................................................. 7 International Context ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 Scholarship on Access, Use, and Dissemination ....................................................................................................8 Access ............................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Use ................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 NON-CONSUMPTIVE PARADIGM ............................................................................................................................ 11 Dissemination ............................................................................................................................................................... 12 Forum Stakeholders’ Perspectives ...........................................................................................................13 Evolving Perspectives ...........................................................................................................................................14 1a. Pre-forum Tension: Library Licenses for TDM ...................................................................................................... 14 1b. Forum Discussion: Text Data Discovery and Access ............................................................................................. 14 2a. Pre-forum Tension: Conflicting Obligations .......................................................................................................... 15 2b. Forum Discussion: Shared Responsibilities ............................................................................................................ 15 3a. Pre-forum Tension: Uptake of TDM Methods ....................................................................................................... 16 3b. Forum Discussion: Advocacy and Storytelling....................................................................................................... 16 4a. Pre-forum Tension: Ambiguity over Allowable Activities ..................................................................................... 16 4b. Forum Discussion: Establishing Clarity around TDM Research .......................................................................... 17 Entrenched Perspectives .......................................................................................................................................17 1. How to Best Establish TDM Services ....................................................................................................................... 18 2. Business and Funding Models .................................................................................................................................. 18 Forum Actions and Next Steps .................................................................................................................19 Practical Library Recommendations ...................................................................................................................19 Low-Hanging Fruit ...............................................................................................................................................19 Chicago Statement on Content Mining ...............................................................................................................20 Legal Infrastructures ............................................................................................................................................20 Recommendations ....................................................................................................................................21 Within the Library ................................................................................................................................................21 Fair Use and Licensing .................................................................................................................................................. 21 Communication, Outreach, and Instruction ............................................................................................................... 21 Workforce Development ................................................................................................................................................ 22 The Library in Collaboration with Other Stakeholders ......................................................................................22 iii Research and Governance ............................................................................................................................................. 22 Advocacy ....................................................................................................................................................................... 22 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................................................ 22 Future Research ........................................................................................................................................23 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................23 Appendix A: Forum Program and Attendees ..........................................................................................25 Program ................................................................................................................................................................25