THE DIVIDED KINGDOM Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 2.0 Problem ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Problem formulation ................................................................................................................................................ 4 2.2 The analysis ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 2.3 Delimitation ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 3.0 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................................ 9 3.1 Case Study Design ................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Discourse analysis .................................................................................................................................................. 10 3.2.1 Laclau & Mouffe ............................................................................................................................................ 12 3.2.2 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Document analysis ................................................................................................................................................. 13 3.3.1 Primary and secondary sources ................................................................................................................... 14 3.4 The role of opinion polls ........................................................................................................................................ 14 4.0 Theory ........................................................................................................................................................................ 15 4.1 Neo-Institutionalism .............................................................................................................................................. 15 4.1.1 Historical Institutionalism .............................................................................................................................. 16 4.2 Decision-making theories ...................................................................................................................................... 18 4.2.1 The Garbage Can Model ................................................................................................................................ 18 5.0 Historical context ...................................................................................................................................................... 20 5.1 Act of Union 1707 ................................................................................................................................................. 20 5.2 The Jacobite Risings .............................................................................................................................................. 20 5.3 Insurrection and Home Rule in Scotland ............................................................................................................... 21 5.4 Birth of Scottish National Party ............................................................................................................................. 22 5.5 The Kilbrandon Commission and referendum ....................................................................................................... 22 5.6 Scotland under conservative rule ........................................................................................................................... 23 5.7 The road to a Scottish parliament........................................................................................................................... 24 5.8 Political dynamic changes in Scotland ................................................................................................................... 25 5.9 Attitude towards independence .............................................................................................................................. 28 6.0 Analysis ...................................................................................................................................................................... 29 6.1 Analysis introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 29 6.2 Revival of SNP ...................................................................................................................................................... 30 6.2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 30 6.2.2 An accommodating Tory approach ................................................................................................................ 30 6.2.3 Labour with mixed feelings ............................................................................................................................ 32 6.2.4 SNP on the big stage ...................................................................................................................................... 33 6.2.5 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................... 35 6.3 First Referendum ................................................................................................................................................... 36 6.3.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 36 6.3.2 A big chance for SNP ..................................................................................................................................... 36 AAU – European Studies 1 THE DIVIDED KINGDOM 6.3.3 Labour defending – and attacking .................................................................................................................. 38 6.3.4 A conservative defense of the Union.............................................................................................................. 39 6.3.5 Umbrella groups with little influence ............................................................................................................. 40 6.3.6 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................... 41 6.4 Thatcher and SCC .................................................................................................................................................. 43 6.4.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 43 6.4.2 Iron-willed conservatism in practice .............................................................................................................. 43 6.4.3 SNP – crisis and transformation ..................................................................................................................... 45 6.4.4 Labour forced to action .................................................................................................................................. 47 6.4.5 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................... 49 6.5 Second Referendum ............................................................................................................................................... 51 6.5.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 51 6.5.2 Labour riding the wave .................................................................................................................................. 51 6.5.3 Conservatives avoiding attention ................................................................................................................... 53 6.5.4 SNP divided over devolution ......................................................................................................................... 54 6.5.5 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................... 55 6.6 Birth of a Parliament .............................................................................................................................................. 56 6.6.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................................