131 Transformation of Armed Forces to Meet the New Challenges of Peace Support Operations have Iraq in and Afghanistan in interventions Pentagon 11 September 2001, and the subsequent subsequent the and 2001, September 11 Pentagon Case study Denmark the and Center Trade World the on attacks the However, Brigadier General Bjarne HESSELBERG, Royal Danish Army, (Ret.) Order! World The Cold War – to another stable situation – A New New A – situation stable another to – War Cold The the perception that we went from one stable situation – – situation stable one from went we that perception the table. Consequently, it was was it Consequently, table. Thank you very much for giving me this opportunity to predic and stable as assessed brief you on how the Danish armed forces have chosen to still was environment security international the However, transform from a static, territorial defense force to a character. changed fundamentally future predictable modern, flexible and deployable force well suited to meet the and system dynamic a is affairs of state international the challenges of peace support operations of our time, the that demonstrated War Cold the of end the However, including some thoughts about the future role of Veterans Associations such as The Blue Berets. yesterday. like was again which today, probably going to be like like be to going probably was Tomorrow predictable: During the Cold War, our surroundings were was future The stable. and static being by characterized characterized by being static and stable. The future was were surroundings our War, Cold the During predictable: Tomorrow was probably going to be like today, which again was like yesterday. Berets. Blue The as such Associations e future role of Veterans Veterans of role future e th about thoughts some including upport operations of our time, time, our of operations upport However, the end of the Cold War demonstrated that the s peace of challenges the international state of affairs is a dynamic system and the meet to suited well force deployable and flexible modern, predictable future fundamentally changed character. a to force defense territorial static, a from transform However, the international security environment was still to chosen have forces armed Danish the how on you brief assessed as stable and predictable. Consequently, it was to opportunity this me giving for much very you Thank the perception that we went from one stable situation – The Cold War – to another stable situation – A New World Order! (Ret.) Army, Danish Royal Brigadier General Bjarne HESSELBERG, HESSELBERG, Bjarne General Brigadier However, the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Denmark study Case Pentagon 11 September 2001, and the subsequent interventions in Afghanistan and in Iraq have Operations Support Peace of Challenges New Transformation of Armed Forces to Meet the the Meet to Forces Armed of Transformation 131 132 fundamentally changed the world and showed clearly that “the future is not what it used to be” as it has become force. Today, the military assets can be rapidly deployed deployed rapidly be can assets military the Today, force. dynamic and totally unpredictable. in the costs and risks involved in the use of military military of use the in involved risks and costs the in The Revolution in Military Affairs has led to a reduction reduction a to led has Affairs Military in Revolution The Denmark needed to recognize this and adapt to the new challenges. Among other things, the framework for more and more inter-dependant. inter-dependant. more and more Danish security policy comprises a number of factors that greater vulnerability to external events as we become become we as events external to vulnerability greater can be grouped in three areas: and free trade, growth and prosperity. But it also leads to to leads also it But prosperity. and growth trade, free and of democracy and human rights, economic integration integration economic rights, human and democracy of The global development trends, Globalization is pivotal to the promotion and spreading spreading and promotion the to pivotal is Globalization The threat environment, and is the determining factor in the global trends. trends. global the in factor determining the is The primary international organizations. currencies, goods, services, knowledge, ideas and people people and ideas knowledge, services, goods, currencies, Globalization characterized by increased transactions of of transactions increased by characterized Globalization The Global Development Trends the use of military means. means. military of use the Military Affairs (RMA) and and (RMA) Affairs Military globalization, Revolution of of Revolution globalization, From our perspective there are three main global trends shaping the international security environment: environment: security international the shaping shaping the international security environment: From our perspective there are three main global trends trends global main three are there perspective our From globalization, Revolution of Military Affairs (RMA) and the use of military means. The Global Development Trends Trends Development Global The Globalization characterized by increased transactions of currencies, goods, services, knowledge, ideas and people The primary international organizations. organizations. international primary The is the determining factor in the global trends. The threat environment, and and environment, threat The Globalization is pivotal to the promotion and spreading The global development trends, trends, development global The of democracy and human rights, economic integration and free trade, growth and prosperity. But it also leads to can be grouped in three areas: areas: three in grouped be can greater vulnerability to external events as we become Danish security policy compri policy security Danish ses a number of factors that that factors of number a ses more and more inter-dependant. challenges. Among other things, the framework for for framework the things, other Among challenges. Denmark needed to recognize this and adapt to the new new the to adapt and this recognize to needed Denmark The Revolution in Military Affairs has led to a reduction in the costs and risks involved in the use of military dynamic and totally unpredictable. unpredictable. totally and dynamic force. Today, the military assets can be rapidly deployed “the future is not what it used to be” as it has become become has it as be” to used it what not is future “the fundamentally changed the world and showed clearly that that clearly showed and world the changed fundamentally 132 133 at superior strength against most opponents. RMA allows the use of weapons in strikes of surgical precision, thereby reducing the loss of civilian lives and collateral ternational terrorism and and terrorism ternational damage to a historically low level. in from threats unpredictable changed markedly by adding new asymmetric and and asymmetric new adding by markedly changed Consequently, and as shown by the experiences from have They Denmark. facing risks and challenges the Afghanistan and Iraq, wars fought on a technologically us shown have countries Western against attacks Terror high level with precision guided munitions and deployable capabilities have become a valid tool in the War. Cold the during planned we what to different toolbox of the security policy makers. very approaches by threat a such counter to us force velopments will allow us or or us allow will velopments de technological arise, should of the past. In the long term perspective, if such a threat threat a such if perspective, term long the In past. the of The Threat Environment forces defense territorial massive the for need a longer no territory for a foreseeable future. Consequently, there is is there Consequently, future. foreseeable a for territory l threat against Danish Danish against threat l I will now turn to the second factor shaping the conventiona a of non-existence international security environment, the threat as seen the underlines NATO, and EU the both of enlargement from a Danish perspective. the entailing situation security international The The international security situation entailing the perspective. Danish a from enlargement of both the EU and NATO, underlines the seen as threat the environment, security international non-existence of a conventional threat against Danish the shaping factor second the to turn now will I territory for a foreseeable future. Consequently, there is no longer a need for the massive territorial defense forces Environment Threat The of the past. In the long term perspective, if such a threat should arise, technological developments will allow us or force us to counter such a threat by approaches very makers. policy security the of toolbox different to what we planned during the Cold War. the in tool valid a become have capabilities deployable high level with precision guided munitions and and munitions guided precision with level high Terror attacks against Western countries have shown us technologically a on fought wars Iraq, and Afghanistan the challenges and risks facing Denmark. They have from experiences the by shown as and Consequently, changed markedly by adding new asymmetric and unpredictable threats from international terrorism and level. low historically a to damage thereby reducing the loss of civilian lives and collateral collateral and lives civilian of loss the reducing thereby kes of surgical precision, precision, surgical of kes stri in weapons of