ALCOHOL, DRINKING, DRUNKENNESS This page has been left blank intentionally Alcohol, Drinking, Drunkenness (Dis)Orderly Spaces MARK JAYNE University of Manchester, UK GILL VALENTINE University of Leeds, UK SARAH L. HOLLOWAY Loughborough University, UK First published 2011 by Ashgate Publishing Published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © Mark Jayne, Gill Valentine and Sarah L. Holloway 2011 Mark Jayne, Gill Valentine and Sarah L. Holloway have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the authors of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retri eval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Jayne, Mark, 1970– (Dis)orderly geographies : alcohol, drinking, drunkenness. 1. Drinking of alcoholic beverages. 2. Alcoholism. 3. Human geography. I. Title II. Valentine, Gill, 1965– III. Holloway, Sarah L., 1970– 394.1’3’09–dc22 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jayne, Mark, 1970– Alcohol, drinking, drunkeness : (dis)orderly spaces / by Mark Jayne, Gill Valentine and Sarah L. Holloway. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7546-7160-2 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Drinking of alcoholic beverages— Case studies. 2. Drunkenness (Criminal law)—Case studies. I. Valentine, Gill, 1965– II. Holloway, Sarah L., 1970– III. Title. HV5035.J38 2011 362.2920941—dc22 2010034762 ISBN 9780754671602 (hbk) Contents List of Tables vii Acknowledgements ix Introduction Geographies of Alcohol, Drinking and Drunkenness 1 1 The City 13 2 The Countryside 29 3 Home 43 4 Gender 59 5 Ethnicity 73 6 Generations 87 7 Emotions and Bodies 107 Afterword‘One for the Road?’ 121 Appendices: 1 Case Studies and Research Design 125 2 Definition of Binge Drinking and Guide to Alcohol Unit Measurements 131 3 UK Governments’ National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification 133 Bibliography 135 Index 155 This page has been left blank intentionally List of Tables 3.1 UK Adults’ Frequency of Drinking Alcoholic Beverages in and out of Home, 2004 45 3.2 Regular Drinking Venues in the Past 12 months 46 4.1 Gender and Drinking Level, Location and Motivation 64 This page has been left blank intentionally Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Joseph Rowntree Foundation for supporting the research presented in this book. In particular, we are very grateful to Charlie Lloyd for his encouragement and advice throughout the project. We are also grateful to the advisory group for their valuable contributions to the development of the research: Mike Atkinson (formerly, Eden Valley Primary Care Trust), Jennie Hammond (Stoke-on-Trent Drug and Alcohol Action), Anne Jenkins (Alcohol Concern), Andrew McNeill (Institute of Alcohol Studies), Mandy Nevin (Alcohol and Drug Services in Staffordshire), David Poley (The Portman Group), Gregor Russell (formely Director of Commissioning, Stoke-on-Trent Primary Care Trust), David Sibley (University of Leeds), Betsy Thom (Middlesex University) and Rebecca Wagstaff (Cumbria Primary Care Trust). We also wish to acknowledge the contribution of Mahmood Mizra and Tassnim Hussain who conducted the interviews with members of the Pakistani Muslim community in Stoke-on-Trent and Paul Norman (University of Leeds), who advised on the analysis of some of the quantitative data. Charlotte Knell worked as a research assistant on the project, undertaking fieldwork in Eden, and we want to thank her for her hard work and commitment to the project. Mark would like to thank his colleagues at the University of Manchester and ‘down the road’ at Manchester Metropolitan University, as well as David Bell, Mike Leyshon, Slavomira Ferencuhova, the Wollongong Boys, Phil Hubbard, Dr and Mrs Potts, Dr Jon Hill, Mark Adams and in particular ‘Evans the Steam’. Special thanks to Daisy. Professor Sarah Holloway is a Philip Leverhulme Prize winner and gratefully acknowledges The Leverhulme Trust’s support for her research. The Authors would like to thank Carolyn Court, Val Rose and Sarah Horsley at Ashgate for their patience and support. Chapters in this book draw, in parts, on empirical material and arguments published elsewhere. The authors and publishers would like to thank copyright holders for permission to reproduce the following material: Sage Publications Ltd, London, Los Angeles, New Delhi, Singapore and Washington DC for permission to reproduce from: Jayne, M., Valentine, G., and Holloway S.L. (2008), ‘Geographies of Alcohol, Drinking and Drunkenness: A Review of Progress’, Progress in Human Geography 32/2: 247–263; Jayne, M., Holloway, S.L. and Valentine, G. (2006), ‘Drunk and Disorderly: Alcohol, Urban Life and Public Space’, Progress in Human Geography 30/4: 451–468. x Alcohol, Drinking, Drunkenness Routledge, London and New York for permission to reproduce from: Jayne, M., Valentine, G. and Holloway, S.L. (2008), ‘Fluid Boundaries – “British” Binge Drinking and “European” Civility: Alcohol and the Production and Consumption of Public Space’, Space and Polity 12/1: 81–100; Jayne, M., Valentine, G., and Holloway S.L. (2008), ‘The Place of Drink: Geographical Contributions to Alcohol Studies’, Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy: 1–14. Pion Limited, London for permssion to reproduce from: Valentine, G., Holloway, S.L., Jayne, M. (2010), ‘Contemporary Cultures of Abstinence and the Night-time Economy: Muslim Attitudes Towards Alcohol and the Implications for Social Cohesion’, Environment and Planning A 42/1: 8–22. Elsevier, London, for permission to reproduce from: Valentine, G., Holloway, S.L., Jayne, M. (2010), ‘Generational Patterns of Alcohol Consumption: Continuity and Change’, Health and Place 16/5: 916–925; Holloway, S.L., Valentine, G. and Jayne, M. (2009), Masculinities, Femininities and the Geographies of Public and Private Drinking Landscapes,’ Geoforum 40/5: 821–831; Valentine, G., Holloway, S. L., Knell, C., and Jayne, M. (2008), ‘Drinking Places: Young People and Cultures of Alcohol Consumption in Rural Environments’, Journal of Rural Studies 24: 28–40. John Wiley and Sons, London, for permission to reproduce from: Holloway, S.L., Jayne, M. and Valentine, G. (2008), ‘Sainsbury’s is my Local’: English Alcohol Policy, Domestic Drinking Practices and the Meaning of Home,’ Transaction of the Institute of British Geographers 33: 532–547; Jayne, M., Valentine, G. and Holloway, S.L. (2010), ‘Emotional, Embodied and Affective Geographies of Alcohol, Drinking and Drunkenness’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 35/4: 540–554. Introduction Geographies of Alcohol, Drinking and Drunkenness This is the first book with a focus on geographies of alcohol, drinking and drunkenness. While disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, criminology, politics, social policy, and the health and medical sciences have a long tradition of exploring the role of alcohol, drinking and drunkenness in peoples’ lives, geographers have only recently began engage in this area of research. In the context of the voluminous number of books, journal articles, book chapters and official reports, research undertaken by geographers has yet to make a significant impact on debates. Nonetheless, recent work has shown that geographers have much to offer academic, policy and popular understandings of the complex political, economic, social, cultural and spatial practices and processes bound up with alcohol, drinking and drunkenness. The aim of this book is to build on that progress. By presenting theoretically informed empirical research undertaken in the UK and drawing on writing from around the world, we argue that space and place must be conceptualized as key constituents of practices and processes relating to alcohol, drinking and drunkenness. In doing so, we foreground the ways in which geographical approaches to studying alcohol, drinking and drunkenness can contribute to debates within and beyond the discipline. While geographers are relative newcomers, a geographical focus has nonetheless, been a traditional feature of alcohol research agendas. Consideration of spatial relations, practices and concepts focused on issues such as distinctions between public and private, the city and the countryside, boundaries and transgressions, visibility and invisibility, centrality and marginality, national and local identities (and so on) have been a key feature of alcohol research. Indeed, theorists have addressed a diverse range of topics relating to legislation, policy and policing; production, marketing and retail; consumption, identity, lifestyle and forms of sociability at a variety of different transnational, national, regional and local spatial scales. However, despite alcohol studies including significant geographical research, there has been little consideration of the ways in which space and place are active constituents of the topics being studied. In these terms the geographical focus of alcohol research has tended to simply offer a location or focus, rather than as a key theoretical