College and university rankings From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia College and university rankings are rankings of institutions in higher education ordered by various combinations of various factors. Rankings have most often been conducted by magazines, newspapers, websites, governments, or academics. In addition to ranking entire institutions, organizations perform rankings of specific programs, departments, and schools. Various rankings consider combinations of measures of wealth, research excellence and/or influence, selectivity, student options, eventual success, demographics, and other criteria. There are no known college rankings of student academic quality. Some rankings evaluate institutions within a single country, while others assess institutions worldwide. The subject has produced much debate about rankings' usefulness and accuracy. The expanding diversity in rating methodologies and accompanying criticisms of each indicate the lack of consensus in the field. Contents [hide] 1 Global rankings o 1.1 Academic Ranking of World Universities o 1.2 Center for World University Rankings o 1.3 G-factor o 1.4 Global University Ranking o 1.5 HEEACT—Ranking of Scientific Papers o 1.6 High Impact Universities: Research Performance Index o 1.7 Human Resources & Labor Review o 1.8 Leiden Ranking o 1.9 Newsweek o 1.10 Professional Ranking of World Universities o 1.11 QS World University Rankings o 1.12 QS Asian University Rankings . 1.12.1 QS Latin American University Rankings o 1.13 SCImago Institutions Rankings o 1.14 Times Higher Education World University Rankings . 1.14.1 Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings o 1.15 U-Multirank o 1.16 University Ranking by Academic Performance o 1.17 U.S. News & World Report's Best Global Universities Rankings o 1.18 Webometrics o 1.19 Wuhan University 2 Regional and national rankings o 2.1 Asia . 2.1.1 China . 2.1.2 India . 2.1.3 Japan . 2.1.4 Pakistan . 2.1.5 Philippines . 2.1.6 South Korea o 2.2 Europe . 2.2.1 European Union . 2.2.2 Austria . 2.2.3 Bulgaria . 2.2.4 Denmark . 2.2.5 France . 2.2.6 Germany . 2.2.7 Greece . 2.2.8 Ireland . 2.2.9 Italy . 2.2.10 Macedonia . 2.2.11 Netherlands . 2.2.12 Romania . 2.2.13 Russian Federation . 2.2.14 Sweden . 2.2.15 Switzerland . 2.2.16 Ukraine . 2.2.17 United Kingdom o 2.3 North America . 2.3.1 Canada . 2.3.2 Mexico . 2.3.3 United States . 2.3.4 Money's Best Colleges . 2.3.5 Social Mobility Index (SMI) rankings o 2.4 Oceania . 2.4.1 Australia o 2.5 South America . 2.5.1 Argentina . 2.5.2 Brazil . 2.5.3 Chile 3 See also 4 Notes and references 5 External links Global rankings[edit] For rankings of United States universities in particular, see Rankings of universities in the United States. Several organizations produce worldwide university rankings, including: Academic Ranking of World Universities[edit] Main article: Academic Ranking of World Universities The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) compiled by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University and now maintained by the Shanghai Ranking Consultancy, has provided annual global rankings of universities since 2003, making it the earliest of its kind. The ranking is funded by the Chinese government and its initial purpose was to measure the gap between Chinese and "world class" universities. 2014 Academic Ranking of World Universities, has been published; there are no Chinese Universities in the first 100 of 500 places.[1] ARWU rankings have been cited by The Economist magazine.[2] It has been lauded for being "consistent and transparent" based on an article. [3] The education ministers of France, Norway and Denmark traveled to China to discuss and find ways to improve their rankings.[4] ARWU does not rely on surveys and school submissions. Among other criteria, ARWU includes the number of articles published by Nature or Science and the number of Nobel Prize winners and Fields Medalists (mathematics).[5] Harvard has topped the ranking for years.[6] One of the primary criticisms of ARWU's methodology is that it is biased towards the natural sciences and English language science journals over other subjects.[5] Moreover, the ARWU is known for "relying solely on research indicators", and "the ranking is heavily weighted toward institutions whose faculty or alumni have won Nobel Prizes": it does not measure "the quality of teaching or the quality of humanities."[7] Center for World University Rankings[edit] This Saudi Arabia-based consulting organization has published yearly rankings of world universities since 2012. Rankings are based on quality of education, alumni employment, quality of faculty, number of publications, number of publications in high-quality journals, citations, scientific impact and number of patents.[8][9] G-factor[edit] G-factor ranks university and college web presence by counting the number of links only from other university websites, using Google search engine data. G-factor is an indicator of the popularity or importance of each university's website from the combined perspectives of other institutions. It claims to be an objective peer review of a university through its website—in social network theory terminology, G-factor measures the centrality of each university's website in the network of university websites.[10] Global University Ranking[edit] Global University Ranking measures over 400 universities using the RatER, an autonomous, non- commercial, Russian rating agency supported by Russia's academic society.[11][12] The methodology pools universities from ARWU, HEEACT, Times-QS and Webometrics and a pool of experts formed by project officials and managers to determine the rating scales for indicators in seven areas. It considers academic performance, research performance, faculty expertise, resource availability, socially significant activities of graduates, international activities, and international opinion. Each expert independently evaluates these performance indicators for candidate universities. The rating is the average of the expert evaluations.[13] This ranking raised questions when it placed RussianMoscow State University in fifth place, ahead of Harvard and Cambridge.[14] HEEACT—Ranking of Scientific Papers[edit] Main article: HEEACT – Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities This article needs attention from an expert on the subject. Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article. Consider associating this request with aWikiProject. (January 2011) The Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities was produced until 2012 by the Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan (HEEACT).[15] The indicators were designed to measure both long-term and short-term research performance of research universities. This project employed bibliometrics to analyze and rank the performance of the 500 top universities and the top 300 universities in six fields. HEEACT further provides subject rankings in science and technology fields. It also ranked the top 300 universities across ten science and technology fields. [16] The ranking included eight indicators. They were: articles published over prior 11 years; citations of those articles, "current" articles, current citations, average citations, "H-index", number of "highly– cited papers" and high impact journal articles. They representedx three criteria of scientific papers performance: research productivity, research impact, and research excellence. The 2007 ranking methodology was alleged to have favored universities with medical schools, and in response, HEEACT added assessment criteria.[17] The six field–based rankings are based on the subject categorization of WOS, including Agriculture & Environment Sciences (AGE), Clinical Medicine (MED), Engineering, Computing & Technology (ENG), Life Sciences (LIFE), Natural Sciences (SCI) and Social Sciences (SOC). The ten subjects include Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Geosciences, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering (including Energy & Fuels), Materials Sciences, and Civil Engineering (including Environmental Engineering).[16] High Impact Universities: Research Performance Index[edit] The High Impact Universities Research Performance Index (RPI) is a 2010 Australian initiative[18] that studies university research performance. The pilot project involved a trial of over 1,000 universities or institutions and 5,000 constituent faculties (in various disciplines) worldwide. The top 500 results for universities and faculties were reported at the project website.[18] The project promotes simplicity, transparency and fairness. The assessment analyzes research performance as measured by publications and citations. Publication and citation data is drawn from Scopus. The project uses standard bibliometric indicators, namely the 10-year g-index and h-index. RPI equally weighs contributions from the five faculties. The five faculty scores are normalized to place them onto a common scale. The normalized scores are then averaged to arrive at a final RPI. Human Resources & Labor Review[edit] The Human Resources & Labor Review (HRLR) publishes a human competitiveness index & analysis annually in Chasecareer Network (ChaseCareer.Net). This system is based on Human Resources & Labour Review Indexes (HRI and LRI), which measure the performance of top 300 universities' graduates.[19] In 2004, a couple of educational institutions voiced concerns at several events in regard to the accuracy and effectiveness of ranking bodies