Politics and Development of Contemporary China Series Editors Kevin G. Cai University of Waterloo Renison University College Waterloo, ON, Canada Pan Guang Shanghai Center for International Studies Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Shanghai, China Daniel C. Lynch School of International Relations University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA As China’s power grows, the search has begun in earnest for what superpower status will mean for the People’s Republic of China as a nation as well as the impact of its new-found influence on the Asia-Pacific region and the global international order at large. By providing a venue for exciting and ground-breaking titles, the aim of this series is to explore the domestic and international implications of China’s rise and transformation through a number of key areas including politics, development and foreign policy. The series will also give a strong voice to non-western perspectives on China’s rise in order to provide a forum that connects and compares the views of academics from both the east and west reflecting the truly international nature of the discipline. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14541 Olayiwola Abegunrin • Charity Manyeruke China’s Power in Africa A New Global Order Olayiwola Abegunrin Charity Manyeruke Howard University and University of Zimbabwe University of Maryland Harare, Zimbabwe Hyattsville, MD, USA Politics and Development of Contemporary China ISBN 978-3-030-21993-2 ISBN 978-3-030-21994-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21994-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Every serious work of research owes a considerable debt to the many who have, even without their knowledge, contributed to shaping it. Our pri- mary indebtedness is to the forerunners among scholars, of whom there are too many to name, whose ideas, theories, and hypotheses are tested, while examining the relevant sources they cite, and others who one encounters along the way. Next are archivists and librarians; they often work unobtrusively but show geniality and willingness to oblige and facili- tate work through a maze of diverse sources from the ever-intense students anxious to see as many sources as are relevant or which might shed light on just a single point, including those which are peripheral to the study. In writing this book, we give very special thanks and love to our two families—Olayiwola Abegunrin’s wife, Mrs. Funmilola Atoke Abegunrin, and the children, and to Charity Manyeruke’s husband, Mr. Shingirai Manyeruke and their children for their moral support throughout the period of working on this book. Our deepest gratitude to Professor Abiodun Alao, School of Global Affairs, King’s College, London, and Professor Ezra Chitando, University of Zimbabwe, and Zimbabwe National Defence College, Harare, Zimbabwe, for their wonderful and timely commendations. We thank the United States Office of Energy Information Administration, Washington DC, for providing us sources and materials on African trade with China. We thank the Staff of the African and Middle Eastern Division, especially Angel Batiste of the Library of Congress, Washington DC, for making available to us very use- ful documents and materials on Sino-African Relations and China’s eco- nomic engagement with Africa, and we thank the staff of Howard v vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS University Library, Washington DC. We also thank the publisher, Palgrave Macmillan, especially Alina Yurova, Editor for Regional Politics and Development Studies, and Politics & International Studies. Finally, we are responsible for the ideas expressed in this book. Hyattsville, MD, USA Olayiwola Abegunrin Harare, Zimbabwe Charity Manyeruke March 2019 ALSO BY OLaYIWOLa ABEGUNRIN 1. Olayiwola Abegunrin, (authored), Nigeria-United States Relations, 1960–2016, MD, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2018 2. Olayiwola Abegunrin, and Sabella O. Abidde (co-editor), African Intellectuals and the State of the Continent: Essays in Honor of Professor Sulayman S. Nyang, London: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018 3. Olayiwola Abegunrin, (authored), Nigeria, Africa, and the United States: Challenges of Governance, Development and Security, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2016 4. Olayiwola Abegunrin, and Sabella O. Abidde (co-editor), Pan-­ Africanism in Modern Times: Challenges, Concerns, and Constraints, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2016 5. Olayiwola Abegunrin, (Authored), The Political Philosophy of Chief Obafemi Awolowo, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015 6. Olayiwola Abegunrin, (editor), Africa in the New World Order: Peace and Security Challenges in the Twenty-First Century, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2014 7. Olayiwola Abegunrin, (editor), AFRICA: The State of the Continent Fifty Years After the Liberation, New York: Nova Publishers, 2013 8. Olayiwola Abegunrin, (Authored) Africa in Global Politics in the Twenty-First Century: A Pan-African Perspective, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009 9. Olayiwola Abegunrin, and Olusoji Akomolafe (co-editor), Nigeria in Global Politics: Twentieth Century and Beyond; Essays in Honor of Professor Olajide Aluko, Nova Publishers, 2006 vii viii Also by Olayiwola Abegunrin 10. Olayiwola Abegunrin, (Authored) Nigerian Foreign Policy under Military Rule, 1966–1999, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2003) 11. Olayiwola Abegunrin, and Franklin Vivekananda (co-editor), The Political Economy of South-South Cooperation: Towards A New International Economic Order, Stockholm, Sweden: Bethany Books, 1998 12. Olayiwola Abegunrin, (Authored) Nigeria and the Struggle for the Liberation of Zimbabwe: A Study of Foreign Policy Decision Making of An Emerging Nation, Stockholm, Sweden: Bethany Books, 1992 13. Olayiwola Abegunrin, (Authored) Economic Dependence and Regional Cooperation in Southern Africa: SADCC and South Africa in Confrontation, Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 1990 14. Olayiwola Abegunrin, and H.E. Newsum (Co-authored), United States Foreign Policy Towards Southern Africa: Andrew Young and Beyond, London & New York: Macmillan and St. Martin’s, 1987 15. Olayiwola Abegunrin, Ralph Onwuka and Dhajoo Ghista (co-­ editor), African Development: OAU/ECA Lagos Plan of Action and Beyond, Brunswick Publishing Company, 1985 CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 2 Sino-Africa Relations: An Overview 9 3 China’s Economic Engagement in Africa 27 4 China and Resource (Oil) Diplomacy in Africa 59 5 China’s Involvement in Southern African Liberation Struggles 75 6 China-Zimbabwe Relations: A Strategic Partnership? 95 7 Zambia’s Bilateral Relations with China 115 8 Ethiopia-China Relations: A Focus on Factors Driving Investment Inflows and the Socioeconomic Impact 131 9 China and Regional Integration in Africa 151 10 China’s Military Involvement and Peacekeeping in Africa 173 ix x Contents 11 China’s One Belt One Road Initiative in Africa 187 12 Conclusion 207 Selected Bibliography 217 Index 225 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Olayiwola Abegunrin is Professor of International Relations, African Studies, and Political Economy, Howard University and University of Maryland. He was formerly Chair, Department of International Relations, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. He is a Carnegie Mellon Foundation Fellow and a Distinguished Professor in teaching and service in African Studies. He is author, co-author, editor, and co-editor­ of fifteen books, several book chapters, and many articles in referred journals. He was a recipient of Howard University’s Distinguished Faculty Author for scholarly work published during 1998–2000 and 2002–2003 academic year. His latest book isNigeria—United States Relations, 1960–2016 (2018). He is Series Editor, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, editor and consultant to publishers and journals, and consultant to international organizations. He is a member of the Honor Society of International Scholars and the Academic Advisory Board for Global Studies: AFRICA. Charity Manyeruke is a professor of political science and international rela- tions, and the Dean of the Faculty of Social Studies at the University of