New Forest National Park Authority New Forest Remembers Untold Stories of World War II Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Final Report April 2013 New Forest Remembers: Untold Stories of World War II April 2013 Table of Contents i. Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 6 Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 7 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 Project Study Area ............................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.1 Project Study Area Sub-units ...................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Aims and Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.1 Phase One Aims and Objectives ................................................................................................ 10 2 Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 12 2.1 Approach ............................................................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Sources ............................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Archaeological Databases Consulted ......................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 LiDAR Data and National Mapping Programme.......................................................................... 13 2.2.3 Maps and Charts ......................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.4 Aerial Photographs ..................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.5 Research Results, Grey Literature and Publications................................................................... 17 2.2.6 Museums and Collections ........................................................................................................... 19 2.2.7 Assessment of War Diaries ......................................................................................................... 20 2.2.8 Assessment of Oral History Archives and Documents ................................................................ 21 2.2.9 Contact with Individuals, Groups and Societies .......................................................................... 22 2.3 Production of Project Database ........................................................................................................ 24 2.3.1 Database Development and GIS ................................................................................................ 24 2.4 Assessment and Analysis of Sites ................................................................................................... 27 2.4.1 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 27 2.4.2 Research Potential ...................................................................................................................... 28 2.4.3 Assessment of Significance ........................................................................................................ 29 2.4.4 Identify Sites for Fieldwork Validation and Survey ...................................................................... 29 2.5 Development of Detailed Programme and Policies for Field Survey Phase ................................. 30 2.5.1 Prioritisation of Survey Areas ...................................................................................................... 30 2.5.2 Permission and Access ............................................................................................................... 30 2.5.3 Develop Survey Methods and Recording for Fieldwork (Phase 2) .............................................. 31 2.6 Archiving ............................................................................................................................................. 31 3 Baseline Review ........................................................................................................................ 32 3.1 Baseline Chronology .......................................................................................................................... 32 3.2 World War II Regional Context .......................................................................................................... 33 3.2.1 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 34 3.3 World War II: New Forest Baseline Review ...................................................................................... 34 3.3.1 The Build-up to War .................................................................................................................... 36 3.3.2 The Phoney War ......................................................................................................................... 36 3.3.3 The Battle of Britain and the Blitz ................................................................................................ 38 Maritime Archaeology Ltd MA Ltd 1832 Room W1/95, National Oceanography Centre, Empress Dock, Southampton. SO14 3ZH. www.maritimearchaeology.co.uk Page 2 of 176 New Forest Remembers: Untold Stories of World War II April 2013 3.3.4 The Allied Build-up in Britain ....................................................................................................... 40 3.3.5 The Invasion of Europe ............................................................................................................... 42 3.3.6 Victory in Europe and the Pacific War ......................................................................................... 44 3.3.7 The End of Hostilities and the Reinstatement of the Forest ........................................................ 45 3.4 Assessment of Records: Detailed Review Based on Sub-Units .................................................... 47 3.4.1 Sub Unit Zone 1 .......................................................................................................................... 49 3.4.2 Sub Unit Zone 2 .......................................................................................................................... 54 3.4.3 Sub Unit Zone 3 .......................................................................................................................... 56 3.4.4 Sub Unit Zone 4 .......................................................................................................................... 59 3.4.5 Sub Unit Zone 5 .......................................................................................................................... 61 3.4.6 Sub Unit Zone 6 .......................................................................................................................... 63 3.4.7 Sub Unit Zone 7 .......................................................................................................................... 66 3.4.8 Sub Unit Zone 8 .......................................................................................................................... 68 3.4.9 Sub Unit Zone 9 .......................................................................................................................... 72 3.4.10 Sub Unit Zone 10 ........................................................................................................................ 77 3.4.11 Sub Unit Zone 11 ........................................................................................................................ 79 3.4.12 Sub Unit Zone 12 ........................................................................................................................ 84 3.4.13 Sub Unit Zone 13 ........................................................................................................................ 85 3.4.14 Sub Unit Zone 14 ........................................................................................................................ 88 3.4.15 Sub Unit Zone A .......................................................................................................................... 93 3.4.16 Sub Unit Zone B ........................................................................................................................ 107 3.4.17 Sub Unit Zone C ....................................................................................................................... 112 3.4.18 Sub Unit Zone D ....................................................................................................................... 115 3.4.19 Sub Unit Zone E ........................................................................................................................ 126 3.4.20 Sub Unit Zone F ........................................................................................................................ 128 3.4.21