Authored by Vera J. Lipton Open Scientific Data - Why Choosing and ReusingMatters DATA the RIGHT This book shows how the vision for open access to scientific data can be more readily achieved through a staged model that research funders, policy makers, scientists, and Open Scientific Data research organizations can adopt in their practice. Drawing on her own experiences with data processing, on early findings with open scientific data at CERN (the Why Choosing and Reusing European Organization for Nuclear Research), and from case studies of shared clinical trial data, the author updates our understanding of research data — what it is; how it the RIGHT DATA Matters dynamically evolves across different scientific disciplines and across various stages of research practice; and how it can, and indeed should, be shared at any of those stages. The result is a flexible and pragmatic path for implementing open scientific data. Authored by Vera J. Lipton ISBN 978-1-83880-984-3 Published in London, UK © 2020 IntechOpen © Tetiana Lazunova / iStock Open Scientific Data - Why Choosing and Reusing the RIGHT DATA Matters Authored by Vera J. Lipton Published in London, United Kingdom Supporting open minds since 2005 Open Scientific Data - Why Choosing and Reusing the RIGHT DATA Matters http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87201 Authored by Vera J. Lipton © The Editor(s) and the Author(s) 2020 The rights of the editor(s) and the author(s) have been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights to the book as a whole are reserved by INTECHOPEN LIMITED. The book as a whole (compilation) cannot be reproduced, distributed or used for commercial or non-commercial purposes without INTECHOPEN LIMITED’s written permission. Enquiries concerning the use of the book should be directed to INTECHOPEN LIMITED rights and permissions department ([email protected]). Violations are liable to prosecution under the governing Copyright Law. Individual chapters of this publication are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial 4.0 International which permits use, distribution and reproduction of the individual chapters for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author(s) and source publication are appropriately acknowledged. More details and guidelines concerning content reuse and adaptation can be found at http://www.intechopen.com/copyright-policy.html. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. First published in London, United Kingdom, 2020 by IntechOpen IntechOpen is the global imprint of INTECHOPEN LIMITED, registered in England and Wales, registration number: 11086078, 7th floor, 10 Lower Thames Street, London, EC3R 6AF, United Kingdom Printed in Croatia British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Additional hard and PDF copies can be obtained from [email protected] Open Scientific Data - Why Choosing and Reusing the RIGHT DATA Matters Authored by Vera J. Lipton p. cm. Print ISBN 978-1-83880-984-3 Online ISBN 978-1-83880-985-0 eBook (PDF) ISBN 978-1-83880-986-7 An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org We are IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 4,600+ 119,000+ 135M+ Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 151 Top 1% 12.2% Countries delivered to most cited scientists Contributors from top 500 universities Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com Meet the author Dr. Vera J. Lipton is an advocate of open innovation, a data analyst, and an intellectual property counsel with over 15 years’ experience gained in Australia, Europe, and Asia. She is a faculty member at the Pafos Innovation Institute and a researcher with the Zvi Meitar Institute for Legal Implications of Emerging Tech- nologies at IDC in Herzliya, the heart of data science in Israel. Previously, she spearheaded the National Patent Analytics Hub at IP Australia and, before that, worked as a technology transfer consultant for a medi- cal software company. Vera’s research focuses on the legal and managerial aspects of digital and technological innovation, especially open knowledge and data, automa- tion, and technology ethics. To my late father, my eternal source of inspiration To my late father, my eternal source of inspiration Acknowledgements Many people have contributed to this book and encouraged me in the course of my research. My greatest thanks go to Professor Brian Fitzgerald, one of the most amazing leaders and finest human beings with whom I have ever had the opportunity to cross paths. I first met Brian at the Queensland University of Technology in 2009 when I was working on IP Australia’s submission to the National Innovation System Review. Brian and his sister, Dr. Anne Fitzgerald, sounded like a breeze of fresh air—talking with passion and determination about open innovation, free sharing of knowledge, and collaboration in online spaces. And there I was—coming from the Patent Office, where the prescribed narrative was the protection of ideas with intellectual property and making money from them. A whole new world opened up to me at that Brisbane meeting. Nine years later, with this book finally complete, I remain eternally grateful for Brian’s wise counsel and support along the way. I am also profusely thankful to Dr. John Gilchrist. Without John, this book would have never become a reality. His patient and steady approach and diligent com- ments on the numerous revisions of the text were consistently professional and thoughtful. I am deeply indebted to Dr. Hans Peter Beck, Senior Physicist at the Atlas Collabo- ration at CERN, President of the Swiss Physics Society, and Co-chair of the Inter- national Particle Outreach Group at CERN. I was fortunate to be one of the first people to visit the Large Hadron Collider at CERN immediately after its opening in early 2009. Hans Peter was there to show me around and has provided me with a great deal of support ever since. Hans Peter also facilitated connections with so many others at CERN who have shared with me their knowledge and experiences with open data—namely Jens Vigen and Dr. Suenje Dallmeier-Tiessen from the CERN Library; Tibor Simko, Head Developer of the Invenio digital library software; Dr. Achim Geiser, Senior Physicist working in the CMS Collaboration; and his colleague Achintya Rao, also from the CMS collaboration. I much appreciate the encouragement of Dr. David Secher, the world’s leading university technology transfer expert and the former Senior Bursar at Gonville & Caius College at the University of Cambridge. I first met David at the Praxis Unico technology transfer training in Melbourne in 2010 and we have managed to keep in touch over the years. Communications with David have helped me to internally reconcile some of the seemingly opposing approaches between open sharing of scientific knowledge and the protection of public research with intellectual property. Acknowledgements Many people have contributed to this book and encouraged me in the course of my research. My greatest thanks go to Professor Brian Fitzgerald, one of the most amazing leaders and finest human beings with whom I have ever had the opportunity to cross paths. I first met Brian at the Queensland University of Technology in 2009 when I was working on IP Australia’s submission to the National Innovation System Review. Brian and his sister, Dr. Anne Fitzgerald, sounded like a breeze of fresh air—talking with passion and determination about open innovation, free sharing of knowledge, and collaboration in online spaces. And there I was—coming from the Patent Office, where the prescribed narrative was the protection of ideas with intellectual property and making money from them. A whole new world opened up to me at that Brisbane meeting. Nine years later, with this book finally complete, I remain eternally grateful for Brian’s wise counsel and support along the way. I am also profusely thankful to Dr. John Gilchrist. Without John, this book would have never become a reality. His patient and steady approach and diligent com- ments on the numerous revisions of the text were consistently professional and thoughtful. I am deeply indebted to Dr. Hans Peter Beck, Senior Physicist at the Atlas Collabo- ration at CERN, President of the Swiss Physics Society, and Co-chair of the Inter- national Particle Outreach Group at CERN. I was fortunate to be one of the first people to visit the Large Hadron Collider at CERN immediately after its opening in early 2009. Hans Peter was there to show me around and has provided me with a great deal of support ever since. Hans Peter also facilitated connections with so many others at CERN who have shared with me their knowledge and experiences with open data—namely Jens Vigen and Dr. Suenje Dallmeier-Tiessen from the CERN Library; Tibor Simko, Head Developer of the Invenio digital library software; Dr.