УДК 328.3:327](410)p982 G. Riabokon modern discoursiVe trends in the deBATES of British PARLiament The article defines the roles of foreign and domestic political processes and their manifestation in political discourse through parliamentary debates. The article also reviews the trends in the debates in the Houses of Commons of British Parliament and makes conclusion about general shift in the percentage of discussions in favour of foreign policy and positioning the country as a part of European Union and strategic partner of the Unites States of America. Keywords: political discourse, parliamentary debates, ideology, mass media, news. Being a vast field of scientific research, discourse attempts of spreading democracy to the states with analysis has now developed into an independent and totalitarian and authoritarian regimes. Ideologies, fully fledged field of study which involves several such as liberalism, socialism, and communism, institutional approaches with their own still exert a significant influence on the sphere of methodological tools. This article will concentrate political cognition and give rise to numerous in- on one of these numerous areas of discourse domain, state and inter-state conflicts always being a viz. political discourse, which presents considerable stumbling block of debating. Another substantial amount of scientific interest and draws enough part of political discourse is presented by political scholar attention taking into account recent trends relations, such as power, inequality, hegemony, on political map of the world. Widely discussed and oppression, terrorism, etc. which remain the top significantly important for nowadays establishment, issues in political charts of many countries and political discourse still remains difficult to define often make headlines in world media. and delimit from converging fields of study. A All these make political discourse, on one hand, famous scholar Teun van Dijk presents political a form of political action expressed primarily and discourse and its many genres as a specific example mostly verbally as the very root of the word of political action and interaction which may be parliament derives from an Old French verb parler singled out as a prominent way of ‘doing politics’ [3]. which is to speak, and on the other hand, a pan of According to his extended classification, the political processes accessible to general public, political domain involves not only such obvious which is illustrated by an alternative etimology constituents as political actors, events, and of the word parliament which states that encounters, but also, in a wider context, political historically it was compounded by two latin processes, for example, perestrojka, initiated in the words parium (equal) and lamentum (complaints, mid-eighties of 20th century by a declining Soviet laments). this feature is really actual for British regime, construction of integration unions (European parliamentary debates which are usually hotly Union), and military-political blocks (NATO). debated and widely broadcasted via numerous These integration processes caused by globalization media. Debates in the Houses of Commons trends and recent political challenges provoke presented through Written Ministerial Statements in numerous in-state discussions, which in countries the Official Journal of the UK Parliament (Hansard) with diverse national, cultural and religious possess three fundamental premises of parliamentary backgrounds may lead to deep political crises (like discourse implying that (a) the participants are that in Ukraine) and in its ultimate manifestation to Members of Parliament and the process is held in civil wars (Syrian confrontation). The same situation the Institution of parliament; (b) it becomes a inevitably occurs in the sphere of foreign policy political act of legislation and policy-making, making foreign political discourse one the hottest and (c) the consequences of the debates are defined and toughest as it defines the position of the country in a specific terms of policy-making: enacting on the political arena for several decades ahead and laws, deciding policies and holding elections bears significant importance for its residents. [4, p. 21]. According to these features, parliamentary Other vivid spheres of political interaction also debates can be definedas a unique type of political, include discussions about political systems and PR-, and mass-media discourses, and due to its © Рябоконь Г. Л., 2016 78 МАҐІСТЕРІУМ. 2016. Випуск 62. Мовознавчі студії triple nature, pragma-semantic, stylistic and offorming social ideology and shaping political argumentative features of its construction and cognition. Thus ideologies organize attitudes of social delivery act as tactics and strategies of communicative groups toward relevant social and political issues influence on the users of Internet as a global means of according to schematically organized opinions about mass communication [6, p. 54–55]. Moreover, e. g. war and peace, freedom and restrictions, racial parliamentary discourse acts as an important policies, welfare programs, etc and act as driving mechanism of British democracy because the forces for mass movements. Interestingly enough, that speeches in the Parliament fulfill a variety of roles: quite often they may bear noticeable traits of they allow government ministers to present and inconsistency when, for example, speaking about defend new legislation; allow opposition MPs to economic freedom and equality, which, however, debate the merits of such legislation; and they also does not prevent them from discussing on different allow any member to raise questions about the current levels of political comprehension. This can be functioning of government, or propose new actions explained by the fact that each ideology operates not and initiatives [1, p. 1]. This definitely positions by a firm set of principles but rather a free chosen parliamentary debates as one of main areas of talks collection of beliefs which fit the ideological pattern on political arena and extends its role from a purely and ensure general support of public. legislative organ to a powerful tool of influence not The most prominent matters for British society only on political actors, but also on numerous traditionally covered in parliamentary hearings are audience of interested individuals. a) Law, Crime and National Securities; b) Europe; Tentatively and approximately, political discourse c) Defense and Foreign Affairs; d) Environment; and its main constituents, elements and functionsmay e) Health; f) Labour, Employment and Immigration; be presented in the following scheme. g) Civil Rights, Minority Issues, Civil Liberties; h) Education; i) Agriculture; j) Economy [1, p. 7]. Let us survey how they are presented in the debating taking into account modern political trends and world challenges. As has been mentioned before, integration processes make substantial part of parliamentary debates being an urgent need of modern times. The following episode of debates on 10 November 2015 (Example 1) illustrates how Members of Parliament background opposing views on whether and to which extend Britain should be a part of the EU. Using the arguments of labour provision and employment, a One of the most distinctive features of political MP from Conservative party defends the idea of EU discourse altogether with other institutional membership. The main message of this debating is discourses, such as legal, educational or scientific, is emphasizing the responsibility for decision-making that it hardly presents a separate and independent on British people: genre, but rather a class of genres defined by a social (1) Neil Carmichael (Stroud) (Con): Does the domain of politics. Although the boundaries of this Secretary of State agree that the best interests of domain are quite obscure and fuzzy due to business will be served by our being a member of a impossibility to distinctly define what actually makes reformed and reforming European Union? That ‘politics’, we will depart from a rather simplified extends to our remaining in the single market. From definition suggested by T. van Dijk, which, however, my right hon. Friend’s vantage point as President of perfectly fits the frameworks of this article, who the Board of Trade, it is extraordinarily useful that names politics as the discourse of politicians, in other the European Union can negotiate such good strong words, the activities politicians are routinely engaged deals for us globally. in [4, p. 20]. Some of these conventional domains of the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation politicsare presented in the scheme above, with a and Skills and President of the Board of trade necessity to mark that variety of these discursive (Sajid javid): My hon. Friend is right to highlight the activities cannot be limited to such a small number. importance of the need for EU reform, but many This unique possibility to express social attitudes businesses believe that the costs of membership and beliefs through the Members of Parliament as currently outweigh the benefits. As the Prime Minister rather influential figures of political arena makes said, in order for us to get the best deal, we must have parliamentary debates the most effective instrument the referendum and let the British people decide. Рябоконь Г. Л. Сучасні дискурсивні тенденції в дебатах британського парламенту 79 Hannah Bardell (Livingston) (SNP): Writing in settlement in the European Union, to secure jobs and