SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER PETITION MICHINDOH GLACIAL AQUIFER Prepared and Submitted for: City of Bryan, Ohio October 2007 Phone: (574) 675-4900 Website: TritiumInc.net TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................. i FIGURES........................................................................................................................................................... iii TABLES ............................................................................................................................................................. iv 1.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Petitioner Information.................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Narrative .......................................................................................................................................2 2.0 REGIONAL GEOLOGY.........................................................................................4 2.1 Bedrock Geology...........................................................................................................4 2.1.1 Regional Structures ..........................................................................................................................4 2.1.2 Stratigraphy........................................................................................................................................5 Marshall Formation........................................................................................................................................5 Coldwater Shale (Cuyahoga Shale, Ohio)........................................................................................................6 Undivided Sequence.........................................................................................................................................6 Antrim Shale (Ohio Shale, Ohio)...................................................................................................................6 Traverse Group...............................................................................................................................................6 Dundee Limestone...........................................................................................................................................7 Detroit River Group .......................................................................................................................................7 2.2 Quaternary Geology ......................................................................................................7 2.2.1 Modern Alluvial Sediments.............................................................................................................7 2.2.2 Glacial Sediments .............................................................................................................................8 2.3 Soils ...............................................................................................................................9 3.0 MICHINDOH GLACIAL AQUIFER SYSTEM.................................................. 10 3.1 Physical Description ................................................................................................... 10 3.1.1 Aquifer Boundaries ........................................................................................................................10 3.1.2 Hydraulic Characteristics...............................................................................................................11 3.1.3 Groundwater Discharge and Withdrawal...................................................................................13 3.2 Recharge Areas ........................................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 Recharge Delineation Methods and Results ..............................................................................16 3.2.2 Recharge Source Description .......................................................................................................17 3.3 Vulnerability Assessment............................................................................................ 17 3.4 Streamflow Source Area .............................................................................................. 20 3.4.1 Source Area Delineation ...............................................................................................................20 3.4.2 Gaining/Losing Rivers..................................................................................................................21 3.5 Aquifer Service Area.................................................................................................... 22 3.6 Project Review Area (Designated Area)...................................................................... 23 3.6.1 Physical Extent Boundary.............................................................................................................23 3.6.2 Groundwater Divide Boundaries.................................................................................................23 3.6.3 Economic Boundary......................................................................................................................23 3.6.4 Surface Water Drainage Basins ....................................................................................................24 4.0 SOLE (PRINCIPAL) SOURCE DETERMINATION........................................ 25 4.1 Population ................................................................................................................... 25 4.1.1 Total Population.............................................................................................................................25 4.1.2 Total Population Served................................................................................................................26 4.2 Current Drinking Water Sources................................................................................. 26 4.2.1 Source Matrix..................................................................................................................................27 4.2.2 Source Narratives ...........................................................................................................................28 4.2.3 Explanation of Variations .............................................................................................................29 4.2.4 Current Demand and Potential Withdrawal ..............................................................................29 4.3 Alternative Drinking Water Sources............................................................................ 29 Alternative Source Limitations......................................................................................................................31 SSA_Petition_doc5.doc Tritium, Inc. Page i October 5, 2007 Political Constraints......................................................................................................................................32 5.0 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY ................................................................................ 33 5.1 Purchased Water ......................................................................................................... 35 5.2 New Wellfield.............................................................................................................. 36 5.3 Surface Water .............................................................................................................. 36 5.3.1 Pump Stations.................................................................................................................................37 5.3.2 Water Treatment Plants.................................................................................................................37 Clearwells .....................................................................................................................................................38 Up-Ground (Off-Channel) Reservoirs ...........................................................................................................39 Stilling Basins...............................................................................................................................................40 5.3.3 Other Project Costs .......................................................................................................................40 5.3.4 Annual Costs...................................................................................................................................40 5.3.5 Alternate Source Selection ............................................................................................................41 5.4 Available Funding....................................................................................................... 43 5.5 Economic Analyses..................................................................................................... 46 5.5.1 Municipal PWSS .............................................................................................................................46 5.5.2 Rural Distribution System.............................................................................................................48 6.0 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................