Kaupapa Rangahau: A Reader A collection of readings from the Kaupapa Rangahau Workshop Series Edited by Leonie Pihama, Sarah-Jane Tiakiwai, and Kim Southey Second Edition Te Mata Punenga o Te Kotahi Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato Private Bag 3105 Kirikiriroa 3240 Web www.waikato.ac.nz/rangahau Email [email protected] Phone +64 7 838 4426 Waikato-Tainui College for Research and Development 451 Old Taupiri Road Ngāruawāhia 3742 Web www.waikatotainui.ac.nz Email [email protected] Phone +64 7 824 5430 Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga Waipapa Marae Complex The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 Web www.maramatanga.co.nz Email [email protected] Phone +64 9 923 4220 First published in 2015 by Te Kotahi Research Institute, Hamilton, Aotearoa/New Zealand. ISBN 978-0-9941217-3-8 Kaupapa Rangahau: A Reader Contents Preface ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Source Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 Kaupapa Māori theory: Transforming theory in Aotearoa.......................................................................................................................................................................5 Leonie Pihama The dialectic relation of theory and practice in the development of Kaupapa Māori Praxis ......................................... 17 Graham Smith Kaupapa Māori: Explaining the ordinary ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Helen Moewaka-Barnes Kaupapa Māori theory is critical and anticolonial ............................................................................................................................................................... 34 Rangimarie Mahuika Kaupapa Māori research – some kaupapa Māori principles .................................................................................................................................... 47 Linda Tuhiwai Smith The thing’s revelation: Some thoughts on Māori philosophical research .............................................................................................. 55 Carl Mika ‘Closing the gaps’: From postcolonialism to kaupapa Māori and beyond .............................................................................................. 63 Nepia Mahuika Understanding and Doing Research: A Māori Position ......................................................................................................................................................... 77 Sarah-Jane Tiakiwai Decolonising Māori narratives: Pūrākau as method .......................................................................................................................................................... 95 Jenny Lee Mana Kaitiakitanga: Mouri moko! Mouri wahine! Mouri ora! Protective power: ........................................................................ 105 Women, skin, carving and life force. Mera Penehira Kia Mau Ki te Aka Matua: Researching Māori development and learning. ......................................................................................... 115 Margie Hohepa Kaupapa Māori epidemiology. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 125 Shirley Simmonds, Bridgette Robson, Fiona Cram, and Gordon Purdie Postcolonial profiling of Indigenous populations: .......................................................................................................................................................... 131 Limitations and responses in Australia and New Zealand Tahu Kukutai and John Taylor ISBN 978-0-9941217-3-8 2 Preface Leonie Pihama (Te Ātiawa, Ngāti Māhanga, Ngā Māhanga a Tairi), Sarah-Jane Tiakiwai (Te Rarawa, Waikato, Ngāti Awa, Ngāti Pikiao) Kim Southey (Ngāti Porou, Kai Tahu) He hōnore, he korōria, he maungārongo ki runga i te We acknowledge and thank all of our whānau, hapū and whenua, he whakaaro pai ki ngā tāngata katoa. Pai Mārire! iwi that participate in the Kaupapa Māori workshops (past, present and future) and who contribute generously and powerfully to the collective knowledge and sharing that This reader ‘Kaupapa Rangahau’ is a collation of a range of is a feature of the workshop process. Our appreciation to articles related to Kaupapa Māori theory and research. It the authors who graciously agreed to share their writings has been developed as a resource for the Kaupapa Māori to enable the publication of this reader as a resource to workshops provided to Māori researchers through the inform and support ongoing development in the area of collaborative efforts of Te Kotahi Research Institute and Māori theory and research. Our collective contributions Waikato-Tainui College for Research and Development. to Kaupapa Māori enable the development of theories, The workshops have provided training in the area of methodologies and methods that enhance the realisation Kaupapa Māori theory, methodology, methods and of Māori research that is grounded within Māori research research proposal development to over 150 participants needs and aspirations, and which has meaningful over the past two years. transformative outcomes. It has become increasingly evident to us through the workshop planning and facilitation that there is a need for more literature to support and challenge Māori researchers who are seeking to expand and enhance our engagement in both academic and community research contexts. As such we have selected a range of articles that can provide insights into a range of Kaupapa Māori approaches to theory and research. The articles presented here provide engagement across diverse sectors within Māori theory and research. We have chosen carefully to ensure that readers are presented with examples of Māori theory and research across both qualitative and quantitative methods. What these articles have in common is that they contribute to understanding how Kaupapa Māori can be utilised in multiple ways within the research sector. This is an important principle that is articulated in regards to Kaupapa Māori, that it is both organic and evolving. These key principles are engaged fully within the workshop series. 3 Source Acknowledgements The editors and publisher gratefully acknowledge the Mouri wahine! Mouri ora! Protective power: Women, skin permission granted to reproduce the material in this carving and life force!” Reprinted with permission from reader. the author. 1. Leonie Pihama, “Kaupapa Māori theory: Transforming 11. Margie Hohepa, “Kia mau ki te aka matua: Researching theory in Aotearoa”, originally printed in, He Pukenga Māori development and learning”. Reprinted with Korero: A Journal of Māori Studies, Raumati (Summer), permission from the author. volume 9, number 2, 2010, 5 – 14. Reprinted with permission from the author. 12. Shirley Simmonds, Bridget Robson, Fiona Cram, and Gordon Purdie, “Kaupapa Māori epidemiology”, originally 2. Graham Hingangaroa Smith, “The dialectic relation printed in, Australasian Epidemiologist, volume 15, theory and practice in the development of kaupapa Maori issue 2, 2008, 3-6. Reprinted with permission of the praxis”, from Graham Hingangaroa Smith’s PhD thesis Australasian Epidemiologist Journal. (1997), The Development of kaupapa Maori Theory and Praxis, 1997. Reprinted with permission from the author. 13. Tahu Kukutai & John Taylor, “Postcolonial profiling of Indigenous populations: Limitations and responses in 3. Helen Moewaka Barnes, “Kaupapa Māori: Explaining Australia and New Zealand”. Reprinted with permission the ordinary”. Originally printed by the Whariki Research from the authors. Group, Alcohol and Public Health Research Unit, University of Auckland. Reprinted with permission from the author. 4. Rangimarie Mahuika, “Kaupapa Māori is critical and anti-colonial”, originally printed in, MAI Review, 2008, volume 3, article 4. Reprinted with permission from MAI Review. 5. Linda Tuhiwai Smith, “Kaupapa Māori research: Some Kaupapa Māori principles”, adapted from a paper presented at Massey University, 1996. Reprinted with permission from the author. 6. Carl Mika, “The thing’s revelation: Some thoughts on Māori philosophical research”, accepted as an article for publication in the Waikato Journal of Education (www. wje.org.nz). Included with permission from the author. 7. Nepia Mahuika, “Closing the gaps: From postcolonialism to kaupapa Māori and beyond. Originally printed in, New Zealand Journal of History, volume 45, issue 1, 2011, 15-32. Reprinted with permission from New Zealand Journal of History. 8. Sarah-Jane Tiakiwai, “Understanding and doing research: A Māori position”, from Sarah-Jane Tiakiwai’s PhD thesis (2001), ‘’Māori participation in higher education: Tainui graduates from the University of Waikato, 1992 to 1997”. Reprinted with permission from the author. 9. Jenny Lee, “Decolonising Māori narratives: Pūrākau as a method”, originally printed in, MAI Review, 2009, volume 2,