NOTES Introduction to the Second Edition 1. ]. C. D. Clark, Revolution and Rebellion (Cambridge, 1986). 2. Jonathon Scott, 'England's Troubles 1603-1702', in R. Malcolm Smuts (ed.), The Stuart Court and Europe: Essays in Politics and Political Culture (Cambridge, 1996). 3. See, amongst much other material, David Cannadine, 'British History as a "N ew Subject": Politics, Perspectives and Prospects', in Alexander Grant and Keith]. Stringer (eds), Uniting the Kingdom: The Making ofBritish History (Lon­ don, 1995); Pocock, 'Conclusion', in the same volume, esp. pp. 297-8. 4. Conrad Russell, The Fall of the British Monarchies, 1637-1642 (Oxford, 1991); Kevin Sharpe, The Personal Rule ofCharles I (London and New Haven, 1992); Anthony Milton, Catholic and Reformed: The Roman and Protestant Churches in English Protestant Thought, 1600-1640 (Cambridge, 1995). 5. Conrad Russell, The Causes of the English Civil War (Oxford, 1990) - the description is from Anthony Fletcher's review in The Historical Journal, 36 (1993), pp. 211-16; Glen Burgess, The Politics of the Ancient Constitution (Bas­ ingstoke, 1992); Robert Brenner, Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653 (Cambridge, 1993), Part Three; Peter Lake, 'Retrospective: Wentworth's Political World in Revisionist and Post-revisionist Perspective', in J. F. Merritt (ed.), The Po­ litical World of Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, 1621-1641 (Cambridge, 1996); Peter Lake, 'Review Article' (of Russell's works), Huntington Library Quarterly, 57 (1994), pp. 167-97; David Underdown, A Freeborn People: Pol­ itics and the Nation in Seventeenth-Century England (Oxford, 1996). 6. For influential calls to close the gaps between political and social history, see Patrick Collinson, De Republic Anglorum: Or History with the Politics Put Back (Cambridge, 1990); Smuts, Stuart Court and Europe. Two very important col­ lections of essays offer a range of recent work: K. Sharpe and P. Lake, Culture and Politics in Early Stuart England (Basingstoke, 1994); S. D. Amussen and M. A. Kishlansky (eds), Political Culture and Cultural Politics in Early Modern England (Manchester, 1995). The focus on 'popular culture' is well repre­ sented in Paul Griffiths, Adam Fox and Steve Hindle (eds), The Experience of Authority in Early Modern England (Basingstoke, 1996); see also Tessa Watt, Cheap Print and Popular Piety, 1550-1640 (Cambridge, 1991); Dagmar Freist, Governed by Opinion: Politics, Religion and the Dynamics of Communication in Stuart London, 1637-1645 (London, 1997); and the important chapters by 174 Notes 175 Cogswell, 'Underground Verse and the Transformation of Early Stuart Pol­ itical Culture', in Amussen and Kishlansky (eds), Political Culture, and Alastair Bellany, '''Raylinge Rymes and Vaunting Verse": Libellous Politics in Early Stuart England, 1603-1628', in Sharpe and Lake (eds), Culture and Politics. 7. See, for example, the extensive discussion of Brenner, New Left Review, 207 (September/November 1994) pp. 103-33, and the continuing very vigorous criticisms of Underdown and associated scholars, as Andy Wood, 'Beyond Post-revisionism? The Civil War Allegiances of the Miners ofthe Derbyshire "Peak Country"', HistoricalJournal, 40 (1997) pp. 23-40. 8. Lake, 'Retrospective'; Sharpe and Lake, 'Introduction', to their Culture and Politics. 9. Laurence Stone, The Causes of the English Revolution, 1529-1642 (1972); Con­ rad Russell (ed.), The Origins ofthe English Civil War (1973); Russell, Fall of the British Monarchies; Christopher Hill, The Century of Revolution (first published Edinburgh, 1961) is a good example; Mark Kishlansky, Parliamentary Selec­ tion: Social and Political Choice in Early Modern England (Cambridge, 1986); Russell in a review in London Review ofBooks, 5 September 1985. 10. Russell, Fall of the British Monarchies, p. 526 11. Stone, Causes of the English Revolution, p. 48; Russell and Sharpe, Personal Rule, offer contrasting examples ofthe latter approach. 12. R. C. Richardson, The Debate on The English Revolution Revisited (1988; 1st edn, 1977); Howard Tomlinson (ed.), Before the English Civil War (1983); Esther S. Cope and Willson H. Coates (eds), Proceedings ofthe Short Parliament of 1640 (Camden Society, 4th Series, vol. 19, 1977). 13. Anthony Fletcher, The Outbreak of the English Civil War (London, 1981), pp. xx, 38; Russell, Fall of the British Monarchies, pp. viii, 149-50, 238; for Adamson, see especially The Baronial Context of the English Civil War', Transactions ofthe Royal Historical Society, 5th Series, vol. 40 (1990), pp. 93-120. Adamson's use of sources has been convincingly criticized by Mark Kishlan­ sky, 'Saye What?', Historical journal, 33 (1990) pp. 917-37, but his argument that the political role of the peerage has been underplayed in much of the historiography demands careful discussion. (See HistoricalJournal, 34 (1991) pp. 231-55, for Adamson's reply to Kishlansky.) 14. Richard Cust and Ann Hughes (eds), Conflict in Early Stuart England: Studies in Religion and Politics, 1603-1642 (Harlow, 1989), especially the editors' 'In­ troduction: After Revisionism', gives a fuller account of the debates of the 1970s and 1980s. T. K. Rabb and D. Hirst, 'Revisionism Revised: Two Per­ spectives on Early Stuart Parliamentary History', and Christopher Hill, 'Par­ liament and People in Seventeenth-Century England', all in Past and Present, 92 (1981), pp. 79-124, are earlier critiques of revisionist work. For the most recent commentaries see the works cited in n. 5. For Mrs Thatcher see Han­ sard, Proceedings in the House ofCommons, 7 July 1988. 15. G. R. Elton, 'AHigh Road to Civil War', in his Studies in Tudor and StuartPolit­ ics and Government, 2 vols (Cambridge, 1974). 16. David Underdown, Revel, Riot and Rebellion (Oxford, 1985). 17. Russell, 'Composite Monarchies in Early Modern Europe: The British and Irish Example', in Grant and Stringer (eds), Uniting the Kingdom, p. 135; 176 Notes Felicity Heal and Clive Holmes, The Gentry in England and Wales, 1500-1700 (Basingstoke, 1994), p. ix; Lake, 'Retrospective', pp. 273-4. 1 A European Crisis? Functional Breakdown and Multiple Kingdoms 1. P. Zagorin, The Court and the Country: The Beginning of the English Revolution (London, 1969), p. 5. 2. R. B. Merriman, Six Contemporaneous Revolutions (Oxford, 1938); Trevor Aston (ed.), Crisis in Europe, 1560-1660 (London, 1965) for the articles by Hobsbawm and Trevor-Roper, and the subsequent debate, which first appeared in Past and Present in 1954 and 1959, respectively. 3. See especially the articles by Steensgaard and Elliott in Geoffrey Parker and Lesley M. Smith (eds), The General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century (London, first published 1978; 2nd edn 1997); T. K. Rabb, The Struggle for Stability in Early Modem Europe (Oxford, 1975) is an excellent survey of the debate over the general crisis; Perez Zagorin, Rebels and Rulers, 1500-1660,2 vols (Cam­ bridge, 1982) is a thorough account of early modern revolt, based around the view that it was normally a traditionalist response to aggressive state­ building. 4. Michael Roberts, 'The Military Revolution' in his Essays in Swedish History (London, 1967); Geoffrey Parker, The Military Revolution: A Myth?', in his SPain and the Netherlands 1559-1659 (London, 1979);]. R. Hale, War and Soci­ ety in Renaissance Europe (London, 1985); G. Parker, The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise ofthe West (Cambridge, 1988; 2nd edn 1997). 5. Robert Forster and Jack P. Greene, Preconditions ofRevolution in Early Modem Europe (Baltimore, Md, 1970); ]. H. Elliott, Richelieu and Olivares (Cam­ bridge, 1984); David Parker, The Making of French Absolutism (London, 1983); Zagorin, Rebels and Rulers. 6. Conrad Russell, 'Parliament and the King's Finances', in Russell (ed.), Ori­ gins of the English Civil War; Russell, Parliaments and English Politics, 1621- 1629 (Oxford, 1979), esp. pp. 64-84; Russell, Causes, p. 168. 7. The discussion of financial and administrative problems is based on David Thomas, 'Financial and Administrative Developments', in Tomlinson (ed.), Before the English Civil War; Russell as in n. 6 above; Menna Prestwich, Lionel Cranfield: Politics and Profits under the Early Stuarts (Oxford, 1965); Prestwich, 'English Politics and Administration, 1603-1625', inA. G. R. Smith (ed.), The Reign ofJames VI and I (Basingstoke, 1979); Smith, 'Crown, Parliament and Finance: The Great Contract of 1610', in Peter Clark, A. G. R. Smith and Nicholas Tyacke (eds), The English Commonwealth, 1547-1640 (Leicester, 1979); Robert Ashton, The Crown and the Money Market, 1603-1640 (Oxford, 1960); Michael J. Braddick, The Nerves of State; Taxation and the Financing of the English State, 1558-1714 (Manchester, 1996); Russell, Causes, Ch. 7. 8. For a lively discussion of patronage see Linda Levy Peck, '''For a King not to be bountiful were a fault": Perspectives on Court Patronage in Early Stuart England'Journal ofBritish Studies, 25 (1986), pp. 31-61. Notes 177 9. D. M. Hirst, The Privy Council and Problems of Enforcement in the 1620s', journal ofBritish Studies, 18 (1978), pp. 40-66. 10. Alan Everitt, The Local Community and the Great Rebellion (Historical Associa­ tion Pamphlet, 1969); Everitt, The Community of Kent and the Great Rebellion (Leicester, 1966; paperbade 1973). 11. Russell, Parliaments and English Politics; Russell, Causes, Ch. 7. 12. Essex examples are from Brian Quintrell, 'The Government of the County of Essex, 1603-1642', Ph.D. thesis, London University (1965);