1 Musical Instruments in Western European Art An Iconographical Guide The Flute -- 16th century Status of August 2007 PLEASE DO NOT SEND ADDITIONAL ENTRIES. The entries published here are only the ones for which I have somewhat respectable bibliographic entries at this time. I have much more information for these and for additional entries which will be added as I get around to it. I didn't set out to compile a bibliography -- or, more properly, an iconography. This list is just what happens to be lying about the house. It is very much a work in progress, but if I waited until everything was perfect, it would never appear. However, I would appreciate corrections -- wrong page references, for example. Send corrections to Mary Rasmussen Music Department University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 (USA) I am singularly error-prone, alas, and I am sure that there are numerous mistakes in this list. I am quit capable of looking at page 257 and writing down 277, and I seem to have difficulty telling right from left. Sorry. The purpose of this iconography is to answer the question "Where can I find an illustration of ...?" I have included only works of art for which there is a published reproduction (plus some that are in the Visual Collection, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University and a few in the Bild-Archiv Photo Marburg). Many thanks to Isabel Gray and the UHN Music Department for putting this index on their web page. ** [GB] BRITISH ARTISTS 2 V: Mythology Muses (unidentified): [BI London 1579] Anon. Title page of William Daman, The Psalmes of David in English Meter. London, John Daye, 1579. woodcut. Includes the Muses. One of them plays a flute. David (playing a harp) takes the place of Apollo. (Fraenkel no. 55 [fine reproduction]) VII: Allegory Months/Zodiac (April): [BI London 1579] Anon. "Aprill," from Edmund Spenser, The Shepheardes Calendar. London, printed by Hugh Singleton, 1579. woodcut. Ladies of the court play bass viol, harp, lute and flute. A shepherd plays a cornett (?). (E. Spenser. The Shepheardes Calendar, 1579. Menston 1968) XII: Decorative Elements [Intarsia Hardwick Hall] British, ca.1568? The Eglantine Table. Hardwick Hall, N. T., Derbyshire. inlaid wooden table. Many musical instruments, etc., including a flute case. (D. Collins. "A 16th-century manuscript in wood. The Eglantine table at Hardwick Hall." Early Music 4 [1976] 275-279, reproduced p. 276, with a drawing by Llewellyn Jewitt from the Reliquary, July 1882) XIII: Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor Garden Parties: [Pa private collection] Gheraerts, Marcus, the Elder (1516/21- a.1604), attr. Queen Elizabeth and her Court at Kenilworth Castle. private collection. Includes figures under a portico singing and playing bass viol, lute and flute. Elsewhere, a lute player serenades picknickers. Commedia dell'arte players brandish a viola da braccio and beat a frame drum. (T. F. Heck et al. Picturing Performance ... Rochester NY 1999. p. 73 [useless reproduction], as ca.1560, perhaps by Lucas van Valckenborch or one of his circle, representing a scene from one of the Hapsburg courts; Burlington 76 [1940] 70 [poor reproduction], as 1575, attr. Gheraerts) XV: Miscellaneous Figures Animals: [BI London 1556] Anon. Military Review, from John Heywood, The Spider and the FUe: a Parable of the Spider and the Flie. London, Thomas Powell, 1556. woodcut. The spiders hold a military review, accompanied by spiders playing flute and frame drum. (MGG VI, cols. 371-72) Military Musicians: [Ms Oxford BL Bodley Rolls 19] British, ca.1539. Initial T, from a survey made in 1539 of the property of Glastonbury Abbey in the form of a certificate from Richard Pollard and Thomas Moyle. Oxford BL, Ms Bodley Rolls 19. manuscript drawing. Includes liveried figures playing flute and drum. Also an owl playing a shawm 3 and a monkey playing a drum. (O. Pächt and J. J. G. Alexander. Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts, III. Oxford 1973. cat. no. 1185, pl. CX) [NL] DUTCH ARTISTS VII: Allegory Heaven/Hell: [Swart van Groningen Dr] Swart van Groningen, Jan (ca.1500-p.1553). The Highway to Hell. Berlin KsK. drawing. The procession is led by players of flute and drum. (Marburg 230 604) Vice/Virtue: [Monogrammist AP Pr] Monogrammist AP (fl. ca.1540-45). The Consequences of Drink. woodcut. A scene in an inn/brothel. There is a hurdy-gurdy player outside the door. A crippled musician plays a fiddle. Another figure plays a flute. There is a fool with a belled cap. (de Jongh-Luijten Mirror. p. 168 [not exhibited]; K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970. Abb. 62) XIV: Scenes of Everyday Life -- Indoor Inn (Brothel)/Barn Interiors: See also Allegory, Vice/Virtue. Interiors (not Church, Inn): [H Vredeman de Vries Pa] Vredeman de Vries, Hans (1527-1606). Architectural Fantasy with Musicians (1596). Vienna KH. On a loggia a man and a woman sing, a woman plays a lute, and men play positive organ, bass viol, lute and flute. The figures seem to be a pastiche, with the organ (reversed) and one lute derived from Joos van Winghe's Nocturnal Masquerade (Brussels MRBA). (H. Jantzen. Das niederländische Architekturbild. Leipzig 1910. Abb. 30; E. Iwanoyko. Gdánski okres Hansa Vredemana de Vries ... Poznan 1963. p. 319 [poor reproduction], as by Hans and Paul Vredeman de Vries; exh Antwerp KMSK 2002: Hans Vredeman de Vries und die Renaissance im Norden. no. 175, pp. 338 [ok color reproduction], 146, 180-81 [splendid color detail], as Garden of Love [the musicians are sort of indoor/outdoor, on a loggia beside a courtyard]; exh Vienna, Palais Harrach, 2001: Dipingere la musica; Musik in der Malerei des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts. S. Ferino-Pagden, ed. no. V.5, p. 268 [fine color reproduction]; Burlington 144 [2002] 771 [small color reproduction], as by Hans and Paul Vredeman de Vries and Dirk de Quade van Ravesteyn; Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 18 [1967] 161. Notes T. von Frimmel. Kleine Galeriestudien. Leipzig 1895, pp. 53-54, who suggests the figures are possibly by Pieter Isaaks.; The Dictionary of Art. vol. 32, p. 726 [fair reproduction]; Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 16 [1959] fig. 29 opp. p. 33 [detail of the musicians]) XV: Miscellaneous Figures Military Musicians: [Claesz Pr] Claesz, Allaert (1508-ca.1555). Standard Bearer, Drummer and Flutist. engraving. (Hollstein [Dutch] IV, p. 149 [poor reproduction]) 4 Musicians (amateur and professional): [Mander Pa] Mander, Karel van (1547- 1606). Concert. Amalienborg, Christian VII's Palace. trompe l'oeil ceiling painting. "Peasants," peering down "through the ceiling," sing and play two bagpipes, flute, nine whistles or tiny recorders, and perhaps a jew's harp. It must have been quite a serenade. (E. Lassen et al. Dansk kunst historie, II. Copenhagen 1973. opp. p. 184) [B] FLEMISH ARTISTS I: Old Testament Jubal/Tubalcain: [M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] Johann (Jan) I Sadeler (1550-1600) after Maarten de Vos (1532-1603). Jubal as an Instrument-Maker (Genesis 4: 21-23), from Boni et mali scientia ... (1583). engraving. There is a flute among the numerous instruments in and about the maker's shop. Dancers are accompanied by players of a viola da braccio, a bagpipe and a flute. (Hollstein [Dutch] XLV, no. 35, p. 18; IB 72/2, no. 7001.027, p. 46 [fair reproduction], as Jubal, Father of Musicians; Mirimonde Astrologie. pl. 23; exh Vienna, Palais Harrach, 2001: Dipingere la musica; Musik in der Malerei des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts. S. Ferino-Pagden, ed. no. II.4, p. 190. Notes that it is completely independent of a Biblical text; Muziek & Grafiek. no. 106, p. 143 [ok reproduction]; Early Music 1 [1973] 186-7; Musica calendar 1973: 18-31 March [fine reproduction]) [M de Vos-J I Sadeler Pr] _______. The Descendants of Lamech. engraving. A small child (Jubal, son of Lamech) plays a woodwind instrument (looks like a flute stuck in its mouth). (IB vol. 70/1, no. 7001.025, p. 44) Other: See also Allegory, Vice/Virtue. II: New Testament Nativity -- Annunciation to the Shepherds: See also Miscellaneous Figures, Angels. Parables -- Prodigal Son: See also Scenes of Everyday Life -- Outdoor, Garden Parties. [Pr Anon.] Flemish (?), ca. 1560-70. The Parable of the Prodigal Son. engraving. Figures eating and drinking under an arbor. A woman plays a lute and a man plays a flute. (R. Goldron. Music of the Renaissance. n.p. 1968. [History of Music, 4]. p.109; E. Hyams. A History of Gardens and Gardening. New York 1971. p. 107, as German, ca.1600; Early Music 3 [1975] 9) [Pa Paris Carnvalet] Flemish, ca. 1540/50. The Parable of the Prodigal Son. Paris, Musée Carnavalet. With a view of Paris in the background, including the Île de la Cité and Nôtre-Dame Cathedral. Women play lute and flute and a man (the Prodigal) may sing. These figures also appear in Pieter Coecke van Aelst's The Prodigal Son at the 5 Whores (Venice, Museo Correr) (see below) and in two paintings attributed to the Master of the Female Half Figures (location unknown, see below). (D. Heartz. "Au pres de vous -- Claudin's chanson and the commerce of publishers' 'arrangements'." Journal of the American Musicological Society 24 [1971] 214-222, notes [p. 215] that the flutist's music book exactly reproduces the Superius of Claudin de Sermisy's "Au pres de vour," in the à 4 version [Attaignant, Chansons nouvelles ... 1527]; Komma p. 93 [fair reproduction], as Flemish, ca. 1530; J. de la Monneraye and R. A. Weigert. Paris. Paris 1968. opp. p. 16 [ok color reproduction]; B. de Montgolfier. La Musée Carnavalet, l'histoire de Paris illustrée. Paris 1986. p. 26 [color reproduction], as mid- 16th century; K. Renger. Lockere Gesellschaft ... Berlin 1970. Abb. 41; C.