FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL ONE OF ENGLAND'S PRETTIEST VILLAGES SELWORTHY GREEN, SOMERSET Vol. VI. AUGUST, 1929 No. 8 BANKING AND INVESTMENT SERVICE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD The National City Bank of New York and Affiliated Institutions THE NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK CAPITAL, SURPLUS AND UNDIVIDED PROFITS $235,260,406.03 (AS OF JUNE 29, 1929) HEAD OFFICE THIRTY-THREE BRANCHES IN 55 WALL STREET, NEW YORK GREATER NEW YORK Foreign Branches in ARGENTINA . BELGIUM . BRAZIL . CHILE . CHINA . COLOMBIA . CUBA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC . ENGLAND . INDIA . ITALY . JAPAN . MEXICO . PERU . PORTO RICO REPUBLIC OF PANAMA . STRAITS SETTLEMENTS . URUGUAY . VENEZUELA. THE NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK (FRANCE) S. A. Paris 41 BOULEVARD HAUSSMANN 44 AVENUE DES CHAMPS ELYSEES INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION (OWNED BY THE NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK) Head Office: 55 WALL STREET, NEW YORK Foreign and Domestic Branches in UNITED STATES . PHILIPPINE ISLANDS . SPAIN ENGLAND an<l Representatives in The National City Bank Chinese Branches. BANQUE NATIONALE DE LA REPUBLIQUE D’HAITI (AFFILIATED WITH THE NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK) Head Office: PORT AU-PRINCE, HAITI CITY BANK FARMERS TRUST COMPANY (Formerly The Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company—now affiliated with The National Citu Bank of New York) Head Office: 22 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK Temporary Headquarters: 43 EXCHANGE PLACE THE NATIONAL CITY COMPANY (AFFILIATED WITH THE NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK) HEAD OFFICE OFFICES IN 50 LEADING 55 WALL STREET, NEW YORK AMERICAN CITIES Foreign Offices: LONDON . AMSTERDAM . COPENHAGEN . GENEVA . TOKIO . SHANGHAI Canadian Offices: MONTREAL . TORONTO The National City Company, through its offices and affiliations in the United States and abroad, offers a world-wide investment service to those interested in Dollar Securities. LONDON OFFICE: 34 BISHOPSGATE, E.C. 2. FOREIGN S JOURNAL PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION VOL. VI, No. 8 WASHINGTON, D. C. AUGUST, 1929 LOUISBURG A CONTACT WITH THE PAST By O. GAYLORD MARSH, Consul, Sydney, Nova Scotia Taken from His Diary I WENT again the other day to the old fortifi¬ were bastions have an unmistakable air of finality, cation of Louisburg on Cape Breton Island viz, having been erected, having served a pur¬ to look for that personal contact with the pose, having been destroyed, and having been past that was so nearly obliterated in 1760 by a utterly and eternally abandoned by men and their garrison of British sappers and miners who, after spirits. While from certain points of vantage the the departure of the French and by orders of the glacis, covered way, scarp, and other parts of the British Government, spent six months demolish¬ Queen’s Bastion still retain a queenly grace and ing this greatest, most costly, and most trouble¬ remarkable perfection of form, their general aspect some of all fortresses of what was New France. is more that of a conception than a thing of living, There is always an inspiration in standing on human interest. And so it is with the whole forti¬ this historic ground, and we well know the inevi¬ fication, including the old burying grounds with table result of the conflict that here took place unmarked graves of French, English, and New between men who went under Colonel Pepperell Englanders. The former actors have lost their to fight for home and living against the hired de¬ identity and so definitely and finally departed from fenders of the glory of empire. But the few their changed surroundings that their spirits re¬ standing casemates and the remaining mounds that spond only reluctantly to the call of the imagina- Photo by O. Gaylord Marsh. MOUNDS THAT WERE BASTIONS, LOUISBURG Battery Island is visible in the distance 253 tion that would here re¬ enact their bit of epochal history. So I strolled without the bounds of the fortifi¬ cation into the morass where floundered and toiled the New England volunteers, around the Barachois where har¬ bored the French fleet, through the Green Hills where went the New England scouts, and out to Light House Point where the New England¬ ers established a decisive battery with French can¬ non hauled from their hiding place beneath the Photo by O. Gaylord Marsh. water. But still there AN OLD CASEMATE, LOUISBURG was no footprint, no per¬ sonal touch, no visible contact with the past—only when it mingled four generations aback with the the abstract but impressive air of solemnity that sound of blasting rock and drowned out the voices hovers over this hallowed ground and still startles of workmen and the hum of the near-by fort and the human soul. city of several thousand souls. The turbulent North Atlantic forever booms a And here at the quarry I found neat piles of solemn requiem over the reefs and rocks that were chipped rock, unmolested by hand of man or nature’s contribution to the supposed impregna¬ plant growth, unweathered, awaiting removal to bility of this “Dunkirk of America.” As a final the fort and city that are no more. It seems part of my day’s visit and study, I went to listen that these piles were made by French workers to that Atlantic at Black Rock Point, by the old but yesterday instead of sixty-odd thousand yes¬ quarry, and here still roars that mighty ocean as terdays ago. Here is a suspended operation, struggling in appear¬ ance for completion; and the spirits of the French quarrymen fairly swarm about to take up the stones that uneasily lie where mor¬ tal hands tossed and piled them for the time being on a yesterday of the ages. And thus I found one intimate contact with the past—a small but satisfactory detail over¬ looked in the process of obliteration—so I can Photo by O. Gaylord Marsh. now go again another THE OLD QUARRY, LOUISBURG day with a better ap¬ Here we see the stones as the French hands temporarily piled them, as preciation and under¬ they thought, on a yesterday of the ages standing. 254 The Machinery of Foreign Affairs As Described in Conversations with Frank B. Kellogg, Former Secretary of State By DREW PEARSON Reprinted by special permission from The Saturday Evening Post, Copyright 1929, by the Curtis Publishing Company PROBABLY nothing in the history of the ad¬ while the secretary’s reports to Congress were ministration of the United States Govern¬ transcribed in the Book of Reports. There was ment has changed so remarkably as the ma¬ also a book in which were recorded the passports chinery which conducts our foreign affairs issued to vessels, one of Foreign Commissions, When Thomas Jefferson became the first Secre¬ and a Book of Accounts, besides one containing tary of State, in Philadelphia, his entire staff con¬ the acts of Congress relative to the Department. sisted of four clerks and one French interpreter. Today our methods of handling correspondence Mis diplomatic corps totaled three American min¬ have changed to a degree of which Thomas Jeffer¬ isters. Only 16 American Consuls were stationed son could have had no conception. The Depart¬ abroad to protect American trade and shipping. ment handled, in 1928, 1,229,105 diplomatic notes Today the staff of the State Department in and dispatches to and from its representatives Washington alone has grown to about 600 officers abroad. The telegraph and cable bill alone totaled and clerks. We have established 51 embassies and about $200,000. These dispatches obviously can legations in the cap¬ not be copied or itals of practically even typed in rec¬ all the countries of ord hooks, as in the the world, the latest old days, so we em¬ legation established ploy the most up- being in Abyssinia. to-date filing sys¬ Our commer c e, tem, which the for¬ shipping and the eign offices of 10 rights of our cit¬ countries have sent izens are protected representatives t o through 372 Con¬ study a n d which sular offices. Our the Peruvian and total personnel resi¬ Japanese foreign dent in foreign offices have adopted countries is 3,806. in toto. In its early days The work of im¬ the Department of mediately receiving State occupied two and handling the rooms, one of which great volume of was the office of letters and tele¬ the secretary, the grams which pour other that of his in upon us daily deputy and clerks. from all corners of The letters to min¬ the world is rather isters and Consuls a fascinating one abroad were labori¬ and occupies an ex¬ ously copied long- pert section of the hand into a journal State Department called the Book of called the Bureau Foreign Letters. of Indexes and Domestic corre¬ Archives. spondence was en¬ THOMAS JEFFERSON Telegrams and tered in the Amer¬ cables are received Engraved, by J. B. Forrest from the original painting by G. Stuart, ican Letter Book, National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans, 1835. in the State De- 255 partment’s own telegraph office by its own tele¬ foreign policy. And to him the most fascinating graph operators, where they are immediately de¬ thing in the Federal Government is the manner coded or translated, and copied for circulation to in which that production plant has changed and the interested divisions. Unless the cable is in grown and become remodeled with the growth code or in a foreign language, only about 15 min¬ and change of the American nation. This is only utes is required after the message is received be¬ natural. Our foreign investment reached a total fore it is on the secretary’s desk and, simultane¬ of $13,500,000,000 in 1927. This was an increase ously, on the desk of every division chief con¬ of $5,000,000,000 in only four years.