fwb_58_11_oc_fwb_55_9_oc.qxd 9/12/2013 11:23 AM Page 1 Freshwater Biology Freshwater Biology Volume 58, Number 11, November 2013 CONTENTS Original Articles 2325 Johan Watz, Eva Bergman, John J. Piccolo and Freshwater Biology 2215 Blake R. Hossack, Winsor H. Lowe, Larry Greenberg: Effects of ice cover on the diel Edited by Alan G. Hildrew and Colin R. Townsend Molly A. H. Webb, Mariah J. Talbott, behaviour and ventilation rate of juvenile Associate Editors: Roger I. Jones, Richard K. Johnson Kevin M. Kappenman and Paul Stephen Corn: brown trout Population-level thermal performance of a 2333 Marcus Lukas, Paul C. Frost and Alexander cold-water ectotherm is linked to ontogeny and Wacker: The neonate nutrition hypothesis: early local environmental heterogeneity feeding affects the body stoichiometry of 2226 Cesc Múrria, Núria Bonada, Miquel A. Arnedo, Daphnia offspring Narcís Prat and Alfried P. Vogler: Higher b- and 2345 Yoshito Mitsuo, Mitsuru Ohira, Hiroshi Tsunoda Volume 58 g-diversity at species and genetic levels in and Masahide Yuma: Movement patterns of headwaters than in mid-order streams in small benthic fish in lowland headwater Number 11 Hydropsyche (Trichoptera) streams 2237 P. Gikuma-Njuru, S. J. Guildford, R. E. Hecky and 2355 Ashley K. Baldridge and David M. Lodge: November 2013 H. J. Kling: Strong spatial differentiation of N Intraguild predation between spawning Volume 58, Number 11, November 2013, pp. 2215–2438 and P deficiency, primary productivity and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and community composition between Nyanza Gulf nest-raiding crayfish (Orconectes rusticus): and Lake Victoria (Kenya, East Africa) and the implications for bass nesting success implications for nutrient management 2366 Yuyu Wang, Yifei Jia, Lei Guan, Cai Lu, 2253 Mariana A. Micheli-Campbell, Hamish Guangchun Lei, Li Wen and Guanhua Liu: A. Campbell, Marilyn Connell, Ross G. Dwyer and Optimising hydrological conditions to sustain Craig E. Franklin: Integrating telemetry with a wintering waterbird populations in Poyang predictive model to assess habitat preferences Lake National Natural Reserve: implications and juvenile survival in an endangered for dam operations freshwater turtle 2380 Jonathan W. Witt, Rebecca E. Forkner and Richard 2264 Soren M. Brothers, Sabine Hilt, Stephanie Meyer T. Kraus: Habitat heterogeneity and intraguild and Jan Köhler: Plant community structure interactions modify distribution and injury determines primary productivity in shallow, rates in two coexisting genera of damselflies eutrophic lakes 2389 Shawn P. Devlin, M. Jake Vander Zanden and 2277 Vidya J. Washington, Gavin Lear, Yvonne Vadeboncoeur: Depth-specific variation Martin W. Neale and Gillian D. Lewis: in carbon isotopes demonstrates resource Environmental effects on biofilm bacterial partitioning among the littoral zoobenthos communities: a comparison of natural and 2401 Tessa M. Bradford, Matthew J. Morgan, Zygmunt anthropogenic factors in New Zealand Lorenz, Diana M. Hartley, Christopher M. Hardy streams and Roderick L. Oliver: Microeukaryote 2287 William D. Bovill, Barbara J. Downes and Jill community composition assessed by Lancaster: A test of the preference–performance pyrosequencing is associated with light hypothesis with stream insects: selective availability and phytoplankton primary oviposition affects the hatching success of production along a lowland river caddisfly eggs 2414 Mattias K. Ekvall, Javier de la Calle Martin, 2299 Alex C. Y. Yeung and David Dudgeon: Elisabeth J. Faassen, Susanne Gustafsson, Miquel A manipulative study of macroinvertebrate Lürling and Lars-Anders Hansson: Synergistic grazers in Hong Kong streams: do snails and species-specific effects of climate change compete with insects? and water colour on cyanobacterial toxicity and 2310 Colin M. Wahl, Allison Neils and David Hooper: bloom formation Impacts of land use at the catchment scale 2423 Jennifer Courtwright and Christine L. May: constrain the habitat benefits of stream riparian Importance of terrestrial subsidies for native buffers brook trout in Appalachian intermittent streams FRONT COVER: A Rocky Mountain tailed frog (Ascaphus montanus) tadpole in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A. Photo credit: J. Joseph Giersch (USGS) From: Hossack et al., p. 2215 For submission instructions, subscription and all other information, visit: wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/fwb This journal is available online at Wiley Online Library. Visit wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/fwb to search the articles and register for table of contents e-mail alerts. ISSN 0046–5070 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/fwb Freshwater Biology (2013) 58, 2215–2225 doi:10.1111/fwb.12202 Population-level thermal performance of a cold-water ectotherm is linked to ontogeny and local environmental heterogeneity BLAKE R. HOSSACK* ,WINSORH.LOWE† , MOLLY A. H. WEBB‡ ,MARIAHJ.TALBOTT‡ ,KEVINM. KAPPENMAN‡ AND PAUL STEPHEN CORN* *U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Missoula, MT, U.S.A. †Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, U.S.A. ‡U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bozeman Fish Technology Center, Bozeman, MT, U.S.A. SUMMARY 1. Negative effects of global warming are predicted to be most severe for species that occupy a nar- row range of temperatures, have limited dispersal abilities or have long generation times. These are characteristics typical of many species that occupy small, cold streams. 2. Habitat use, vulnerabilities and mechanisms for coping with local conditions can differ among populations and ontogenetically within populations, potentially affecting species-level responses to climate change. However, we still have little knowledge of mean thermal performance for many ver- tebrates, let alone variation in performance among populations. Assessment of these sources of varia- tion in thermal performance is critical for projecting the effects of climate change on species and for identifying management strategies to ameliorate its effects. 3. To gauge how populations of the Rocky Mountain tailed frog (Ascaphus montanus) might respond to long-term effects of climate change, we measured the ability of tadpoles from six populations in Glacier National Park (Montana, U.S.A.) to acclimate to a range of temperatures. We compared sur- vival among populations according to tadpole age (1 year or 2 years) and according to the mean and variance of late-summer temperatures in natal streams. 4. The ability of tadpoles to acclimate to warm temperatures increased with age and with variance in late-summer temperature of natal streams. Moreover, performance differed among populations from the same catchment. 5. Our experiments with a cold-water species show that population-level performance varies across small geographic scales and is linked to local environmental heterogeneity. This variation could influence the rate and mode of species-level responses to climate change, both by facilitating local persistence in the face of changes in thermal conditions and by providing thermally tolerant colonists to neighbouring populations. Keywords: acclimation, adaptation, amphibian, climate change, development (Janzen, 1967; Deutsch et al., 2008). However, habitat Introduction use, vulnerabilities and mechanisms for coping with Increases in temperature driven by climate change are local conditions can differ among populations and by likely to have especially large negative effects on species age and developmental stage within populations, poten- that are specialised to occupy narrow thermal ranges, tially affecting species-level responses to climate change acclimate poorly or possess limited dispersal abilities (Kingsolver et al., 2011; Radchuk, Turlure & Schtickzelle, Correspondence: Blake R. Hossack, U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, 790 East Beckwith Avenue, Missoula, MT 59801, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. 2215 2216 B. R. Hossack et al. 2013). For many species, there is still limited knowledge of A. truei and other stream amphibians in the Pacific of thermal performance, including these basic sources of Northwest have sourced animals from a single intraspecific variation. Yet understanding this variation population (de Vlaming & Bury, 1970; Brown, 1975; is critical to projecting how climate change will affect Bury, 2008), precluding measurement of variation populations, species’ distributions and ecosystem func- among populations. Without more knowledge of the tion. Understanding this variation is also a key step in thermal performance of stream amphibians, and of vari- identifying management strategies to prevent population ation in performance among populations, we cannot losses. begin to assess the threat posed by increased tempera- Freshwater ectotherms limited to cold environments tures, or the potential efficacy of conservation measures are especially vulnerable to climate warming because that are often based around co-occurring species (e.g. compared with species that evolved in environments economically important fish). with greater thermal variation, they have narrow thermal We used laboratory experiments to assess differences breadths and smaller thermal safety margins. In the in thermal performance among populations of Rocky northern Rocky Mountains (U.S.A.), increased stream Mountain tailed frog (Ascaphus montanus) in Glacier temperatures