Collating baseline invasive non-indigenous species data for MSFD reporting March 2016 Esther Hughes, Chris A. Wood, John D.D. Bishop, Matt Arnold, Charly Griffiths, Jack Sewell, and Dan Lear Project title: Collating baseline invasive non-indigenous species data for MSFD reporting Contract Reference: ME5223 Defra Contract Manager: Tarquin Dorrington Funded by: Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) Area 8b 9 Milbank C/O 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR Authors: Esther Hughes, Christine A. Wood, Matt Arnold, John D.D. Bishop, Charly Griffiths, Jack Sewell, and Dan Lear. The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom The Laboratory Citadel Hill Plymouth Devon PL1 2PB Restrictions of Use: Please see http://www.dassh.ac.uk/terms-and-conditions Disclaimer: The content of this report does not necessarily reflect the views of Defra, nor is Defra liable for the accuracy of the information provided, nor is Defra responsible for any use of the report’s content. Acknowledgements: Thank you to everyone who has contributed NIS records and expert advice. 2 Contents Glossary 5 Executive Summary 6 Introduction 7 Project Background 7 Development of priority species lists for monitoring of marine non-natives in the UK 9 Adopted Approach and Methodology 9 Aims and objectives 9 Collation of Data and Information 9 Quality Assurance 10 Taxonomic Standards 10 Analysis and Database Development 10 Derived maps for MSFD marine NIS 13 Ease of Access and Supply of Data 13 Data Formatting Issues and Standards 13 Future Considerations 13 Appendices 15 Appendix 1: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) taxon-matched MSFD Monitoring List of NIS 15 Appendix 2: Data contacts and providers 16 Appendix 3: Presence and Absence Distribution Maps for each of the 24 NIS on the Monitoring List 26 Acartia (Acanthocartia) tonsa 26 Amphibalanus amphitrite 27 3 Asterocarpa humilis 28 Bonnemaisonia hamifera 29 Caprella mutica 30 Crassostrea spp. 31 Crepidula fornicata 32 Diadumene lineata 33 Didemnum vexillum 34 Dyspanopeus sayi 35 Ensis directus 36 Eriocheir sinensis 37 Ficopomatus enigmaticus 38 Grateloupia turuturu 39 Hesperibalanus fallax 40 Heterosigma akashiwo 41 Rapana venosa 42 Sargassum muticum 43 Schizoporella japonica 44 Spartina townsendii var. anglica 45 Styela clava 46 Undaria pinnatifida 47 Urosalpinx cinerea 48 Watersipora subatra 49 Appendix 4: Records from literature review of publication and data sources used 50 Appendix 5: Restriction of Use Document 56 4 Glossary Cefas – Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Defra – Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs DAC – Data Archive Centre DASSH – The Archive for Marine Species and Habitats Data GBNNSS – Great Britain Non-Native Species Secretariat GES - Good Environmental Status GIS – Geographic Information System HELCOM - Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission - Helsinki Commission INSPIRE – Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community LRC – Local Record Centre MBA – The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom MEDIN – Marine Environmental Data and Information Network MS – Member State MSFD – Marine Strategy Framework Directive NBN – National Biodiversity Network NIS – Non-Indigenous Species NNSIP – Non-Native Species Information Portal NNSS – Non-Native Species Secretariat OSPAR - Oslo and Paris Conventions RAS – Rapid Assessment Survey WoRMS – World Register of Marine Species WFD – Water Framework Directive 5 Executive Summary The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is an EU directive which aims to manage and protect the marine environment across Europe. The central goal of the directive is to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) in marine waters of EU Member States (MSs) by 2020. The MSFD is composed of a list of descriptors on which GES will be assessed. In accordance with the understanding that Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) may have negative impacts on the marine environment and the need for their management and control, indicators have been developed on which GES in relation to NIS will be assessed. Cefas (see Cefas contract report C6484) collated master lists of marine Monitoring and Surveillance NIS relevant to the UK from a number of different sources. In order to establish a known baseline of the current known distribution of NNS in the UK, the Marine Biological Association identified a group of relevant experts for the 24 species on the Monitoring List, made updates from recent data and digitised key historic datasets and data from the literature, producing spatially referenced tables and associated maps (appendix 3.) showing the current known distribution of each species on the Monitoring List within the MSFD boundary (Figure 1). As Defra develops programmes to monitor the rate of spread of NIS, the baseline data described in this report will allow comparison to be made in terms of future spread. Where possible, it has been the aspiration of the Marine Biological Association and DASSH that the contract to make the data generated from this project freely available on the National Biodiversity Network (NBN) Gateway and archived in DASSH (The Archive for Marine Species and Habitats Data). All derived data will be made available to Government Departments and Public Bodies for non-commercial purposes according to DASSH ( the archive for marine species and habitat data) Terms and Conditions. A large data collation exercise of this kind inevitably encountered some issues. In particular negotiation which was necessary with a variety of data providers to allow the widest possible release of data. The work also highlighted the importance of cataloguing and storing datasets with an appropriate level of metadata. The project identified future considerations to improve access to marine data, which include the need to further promote and adopt the standards and specification developed through the Marine Environmental and Data Information Network (MEDIN) programme and to ensure compliance with EU legislation such as the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE Directive. 6 Figure 1: Area of UK waters over which the MSFD applies Introduction Project Background The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) (MSFD) is an EU directive, formally adopted in July 2008, which aims to manage and protect the marine environment across Europe. The central goal of the directive is to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) in marine waters of EU Member States (MSs) by 2020. The MSFD is composed of a list of descriptors on which GES will be assessed. In accordance with the understanding that Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) may have negative impacts on the marine environment and the need for their management and control, one of the eleven MSFD descriptors (Descriptor 2), on which GES is assessed, refers to NIS, stating: “Non-indigenous species introduced by human activities are at levels that do not adversely alter the ecosystem” Indicators have also been developed on which GES in relation to NIS will be assessed. These indicators are as follows: 1. Trends in abundance, temporal occurrence and spatial distribution in the wild of NIS, particularly invasive NIS, notably in risk areas, in relation to the main vectors and pathways of spreading of such species. 2. Ratio between invasive NIS and native species in some well-studied taxonomic groups (e.g. fish, macroalgae, molluscs) that may provide a measure of change in species composition (e.g. further to the displacement of native species). 3. Impacts of invasive NIS at the level of species, habitats and ecosystem where feasible. 7 Under the MSFD MSs are required to implement a monitoring programme to assess the impact of the descriptor in addition to determining the effectiveness of a programme of measures designed to achieve GES by reducing the impact of the descriptor. The UK has developed an indicator looking at the rate of introduction and spread of new NIS. Rather than attempt to develop monitoring and surveillance programmes for all non-native marine organisms present or likely to arrive, focusing efforts on priority species, representing those that do or could have high environmental impact, is a more cost effective means of assessing GES under the MSFD. This does not exclude the monitoring/surveillance and reporting of other species, but presents a more manageable list of species allowing for representation of different taxa and pathways. A similar principle has been applied to the Water Framework Directive (WFD), the OSPAR/HELCOM ballast water exemption guidelines and the 1143/2014 EU regulation on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species, where lists of species operate at a number of different levels from the community to the MS scale. Cefas (see Cefas contract report C6484) collated a master list of marine NIS relevant to the UK from a number of different sources (204 species in total). These sources were: • The Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) NIS list of concern (Helen Roy, personal correspondence). • Republic of Ireland, Invasive species Ireland NIS species list of concern (Kelly, O’Flynn, & Maguire, 2013). • Republic of Ireland, MSFD NIS species list (Barry et al., 2013). • Non-Native Species Information Portal (NNSIP), marine NIS list (Jack Sewell, personal correspondence). • Water Framework Directive, Alien Species Group priority list (Philip Boon, personal correspondence). • Recent publication on NIS horizon scanning (Roy et al., 2014). Please note that to