Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-15638-8 — The Cambridge World History of Violence Edited by Matthew Gordon , Richard Kaeuper , Harriet Zurndorfer Index More Information Index Aba Bakr, Timurid prince, 71 contemporary criticism of, 375, 377, 385 Abaoji, founder of Kitan empire, 24, 26, 30 defeat of, 384 Abbasid dynasty kinds of violence, 375 coup against Umayyads, 8, 460 Al-Andalus, 486 court scholars, 5 Alaric II, king of the Visigoths, 80 defeat of Tang China, 4 Alberti, Leon Battista, Della pittura, 656 and jihad, 464 Albigensian Crusade, 303, 414, 436, 477, notion of protected inviolability, 615 482, 485 ‘slave-military’ structure of warfare, 5 Alexios I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor, use of torture, 170 288, 308 Zanj revolt, 8, 617–18 as arbiter of Christian doctrine, 291, 292, Abd al-Malik, caliph, 577 293, 301 Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani, poem, 620 policy of heresy trials, 291, 304 ‘ 458–9 461 Abd al-Razzaq al-S˙an ani, Mussanaf, , Alexios I Megas Komnenos, king, of Abd Allah Ibn al-Mu‘tazz, hunting poet, 613 Sinope, 171 Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar, 460 Alfred the Great, king of Wessex, 103, 186 ‘ 111 Abdallah bin T˙ ahir, governor of Khurasan, Alfred of Surrey, ealdorman, 68 ‘ 174 463 Ali bin Abi T˙ alib, fourth caliph, , ‘ ‘ 318 ‘ 617 Abdallah, son of Umar bin al-Khat˙˙tab, Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad, Abu Bakr, first caliph, 318, 466 ‘Alishah, prince of Khwarazm, 72 Abu Huraya, Companion, 461 Altichiero da Verona, 651 Abu Salama ibn Abd al-Rahman, 464 Amadeo VI of Savoy, 95 Abu Shama al-Maqdisi, historian, 177 Amboise, Cardinal d’, 279 fi Abu Zayd al-S˙ira , Accounts of India and Americas China, 609 human sacrifice, 390–409 Abu‘l-Qasim Babur, succession conflict, 75 see also Aztec empire; Inca; Maya; Moche Adams, Henry, 426 An Jincang, suicide, 570 ‘ 179 32 45 55 al- Adil T˙ umambay, sultan, An Lushan Rebellion, Tang China, , , , Adolphson, Mikael, 376–7, 384, 385 140, 233 Adrian IV, pope, 482 Andronikos I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor, Adrianople, captured by Ottomans (1362), 288, 309 95 lynching of, 309, 310 adultery, punishments for, 176, 178, 336, 596 Andronikos II Komnenos, Byzantine Aghlabid dynasty, 5 emperor, 307 Agincourt, Battle of (1415), 14, 94 Angevins, as kings of Naples, 92 Agnadello, Battle of (1509), 274 Anglo-French war (1545), 284 Aguda, Jurchen Jin emperor, 29 see also Hundred Years War Akapama complex, Andes, 402 animal hunting akuso¯, Buddhist warrior monks (Japan), 373–6 Arabic poetry, 612–13 676 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-15638-8 — The Cambridge World History of Violence Edited by Matthew Gordon , Richard Kaeuper , Harriet Zurndorfer Index More Information Index visual imagery of, 578, 579–81, 585 Türkmen, 70, 71, 72, 89 animal sacrifice see also armies, Europe; armies, Iran; Inca empire, 394 armour; artillery; Byzantine army; Maya, 524–6 cavalry; Chinese army; Mongol animals armies; nomad armies; soldiers; Arabic literature on, 612–15 warriors; weapons trials of, 193 armies, Europe, 79–98 Anna Komnene, on heresy trials, 299 Charlemagne’s, 81, 83 Anselm of Lucca, 416 domination of great lords, 85 De caritate, 421 financing of, 272 Anselm, St, 336 France, 270 ‘Antata ibn Shaddad, Mu‘allaqa poem, 603 infantry, 86, 92, 268 Antioch permanent garrisons, 94 burning of heretical texts, 298 pillaging by, 278–9, 281 crusader state, 89, 300 professionalisation, 94, 97 Apollonius of Tyre, romance, 627 rise in permanent armies, 92–5 apostasy, Islam, 166, 167 size of, 270–2 Apros, Battle of (1305), 92 armies, Iran (Middle East) Aquinas, St Thomas, 193, 335, billeting of troops, 67–71, 75 631 conscription, 60 Arab/Islamic world corvée (forms of), 54, 60, 61–2 accounts of, 5 devastation caused by, 71–3 art, 576–99 extraordinary levies, 67, 71, 76 expansion, 4 garrisons for, 70 regicides, 7 na‘l-baha payment to, 66–7, 76 and state formation, 4 provisioning of, 62–4 trade, 8 recruitment (medieval Iran), 59–61 see also Egypt; Iran; Islam; Islamic law; siege warfare (depictions), 585, 586, 590 Islamic period; jihad; Muslims; Syria use of barat tax cheques, 64–6, 76 Arabian Nights, 169, 179 see also Mongol armies; nomadic armies Arabic writers see literature, Arabic (Islamic) armour Aragon, house of, 92 leather, 79 Aragon, kingdom of, 486 plate, 96 Arakawa, Japan, 217 Roman, 79 arbitration Arnold of Brescia, 303, 482 institutions of, 200 Arnorr, skald, 112 Japan, 146, 208 Arnulfings, 80 archery Arras, France, 283 Chinese societies, 237 monastery of Saint-Vaast, 101, 117 crossbows, 96 art horse (Mongol), 231, 241 battle and warfare, 649–57 longbows, 93–4 China, 536 types of bows, 241 death and mourning, 593, 594 Arian Christianity, 473 effect of violent imagery on mind of ‘Arib al-Ma’muniyya, slave woman, 324 spectator, 647–9, 657, 662–3 Aribert, archbishop of Milan, 482 European medieval, 645–73 aristocracy see elites; knights; seigneurial hell and demons, 596–8 (aristocratic) violence human sacrifice in Americas, 392 armies hunting scenes, 578, 579–81, 585 corvée (forms of), 54 iconography of violence, 645–9 garrisons, 283 imagery of warfare, 648 Ottoman, 95 Iranian designs on paper, 595 Islamic lands, 576–99 677 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-15638-8 — The Cambridge World History of Violence Edited by Matthew Gordon , Richard Kaeuper , Harriet Zurndorfer Index More Information Index art (cont.) and centres of force in human body, 398 legendary heroes, 581, 585, 586, 587, 593 compared with Inca, 407–8 magical creatures, 588, 593 cultural origins, 393 Maya ritual violence, 532 domestic religion, 404 middle period Iran, 583–8 Festival of the Flaying Man, 399 Orientalist, 164 human sacrifice, 394–6, 397–400, 407 princely cycle (combat and hunting), 583–8 to accompany dead dignitaries, 403 see also carvings; ceramics; literature; of children, 392, 399, 405 metalwares New Fire Ceremony, 529 artillery population, 395 bombards, 96 and war captives, 404 cannons, 97 warriors, 405 effect in battle, 96, 274 weakness of state, 407 Europe, 267 see also Maya gunpowder and, 96 handguns, 97, 268 Badr, battle of (624), 451 iron shot, 267 Baghdad naval, 267 billeting of soldiers, 68, 70 for siege warfare, 96, 268 Mongol sack of (1258), 33, 589, 590 Artois, military campaigns in, 281 public violence against women, 314, 324–7 Ashdown, Battle of (871), 103 Bahram Gur, Iranian hero, 585 Ashikaga Taukauji, 569 al-Bajuri, scholar, 175 and Kemnu Formulary (second bakufu, Japanese warrior government, 558 shogunate), 148–54, 160 Baldwin, count of Hainaut, 86 and War of Northern and Southern Balkans Courts, 559 Bogomilism in, 301, 303 Ashikaga Yoshumitsu, third shogun, 566 Norman expansion into, 300 assassinations ball courts, Maya, 523 Arabic, 7, 616 ballgames, as ritual and sport (Aztec), 406 China, 127, 128, 131 Balsac, Robert de, 272 Mongols, 22, 26, 29 Baltic Crusades, 94, 414 asylum, church sanctuary, 188, 334, 341, 495 bandits Ata ibn Ali Rabah, 460, 466 China, 236 Athanasius of Alexandria, 505 Japan, 207, 214, 215, 220 Athens, 92 ‘roving’ and ‘stationary’ theory of, 35 Augustine of Hippo, St, 473 and trade routes, 9 Against Faustus, 631 Bannockburn, Battle of (1214), 93 concept of just war, 11, 334, 416 Baptistère de Saint-Louis, visual imagery on, Sermon 302: On the Feast of St Laurence, 630 595–6 Austin, López, 407 barat tax cheques, for army Austregesil, feud with Sichar, 250 requisitioning, 64–6 Austria, Privilegium Maius (1358), 195 Baraz, Daniel, 422 auto-sacrifice see bloodletting Barber, Malcolm, 485 Auton, Jean d’, 270, 274 Barkyaruq, Seljuq sultan, 63, 72 Autun, Battle of (641/2), 79 Bartolus of Sassoferrato, jurist, 194 Auxy, attack on (1472), 280 Baruch the German, 477, 489 Avars, in Hungary, Charlemagne’s campaign Basil I, emperor, Imperial Laws, 293 against, 82 Basil of Seleucia, 663 ‘Ayn al-Qudat, mystic, 173 Basil, St, 496 ˙ ‘Ayn Jalut, Battle of (1260), 175 Basil ‘the Bogomil’, trial for heresy, 299, 301 Ayyubid dynasty, 6, 91 Basra, sack of (871), 617–18 al-Azmeh, Aziz, 180 The Battle of Maldon (poem), 105, 110 Aztec empire (Mesoamerica), 390, 391 Battle of virtues and vices, carving, 662 678 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-15638-8 — The Cambridge World History of Violence Edited by Matthew Gordon , Richard Kaeuper , Harriet Zurndorfer Index More Information Index battlefields Hussite wars, 483 casualties, 274, 275–8 Majestas Carolina (1355), 195 corpses left on, 115, 118 Bohemond of Taranto, in Balkans, 300 descriptions and depictions of, 272–5, Bologna 649–57 prosecution of crime, 192 Japanese descriptions, 563 University of, 188 use of chariots, 231 Boroughbridge, Battle of (1322), 93 see also siege warfare; warfare Börte, wife of Chinggis Khan, 23 Bavaria, Land law code (1346), 195 Bouin, France, Viking raid, 101 Bayan, Mongol commander, 239 Boulogne, 277 Baybars, Mamluk general, 175 Bourgthéroulde, Battle of (1124), 86 Bayeux Tapestry, 650 Bouvines, Battle of (1214), 86, 87 Bayezid, sultan, 95 Bray, Julia, 314 Beaumanoir, Philippe de, 194, 196 Brémule, Battle of (1119), 86 Bekhter (half-brother of Chinggis Khan), 22 Brésin, Louis, chronicler, 283 Benedetti, Alessandro, 274 Brethren of Purity Benedict, St, 336 debate between man and animals, 613–15 benefit of clergy, England, 341 On the Classes of Animals, 614 Benevento, Battle of (1266), 92 Brittany, duchy of, 261, 444 Beowulf, 112 Brunhild, queen, 250 Berhtwulf, king of Mercia, 102 Brunner, Otto, 258 Berke, khan of Golden Horde, 26 Bruno of Cologne, 84, 421