Međunarodno znanstveno-stručno savjetovanje International Scientific Conference PERSPEKTIVE HRVATSKE LOGISTIČKE INDUSTRIJE U PRIVLAČENJU MEĐUNARODNIH ROBNIH TOKOVA PERSPECTIVES ON CROATIAN 3PL INDUSTRY IN ACQUIRING INTERNATIONAL CARGO FLOWS ORGANIZATORI / ORGANIZERS: Sveučilište u Zagrebu Fakultet prometnih znanosti University of Zagreb Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences Universita Pardubice Dopravn� Fakulta Jana Pernera University of Pardubice Jan Perner Transport Faculty SUORGANIZATORI / CO-ORGANIZERS: Hrvatska gospodarska komora Croatian Chamber of Economy Hrvatska udruga diplomiranih inženjera i inženjera FPZ-a (AMAC - FSC) Croatian Association of Graduated Engineers and Engineers of the Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences - AMAC - FSC Hrvatska komora inženjera tehnologije prometa i transporta Croatian Chamber of Traffic and Transport Technologies Gebrüder Weiss d.o.o. Gebrüder Weiss Ltd Hrvatska udruga za upravljanje lancem opskrbe Croatian Supply Chain Association Udruga intermodalni promotivni centar DUNAV-JADRAN Association Intermodal Promotion Center DANUBE-ADRIA ZIRP2016 Međunarodno znanstveno-stručno savjetovanje PERSPEKTIVE HRVATSKE LOGISTIČKE INDUSTRIJE U PRIVLAČENJU MEĐUNARODNIH ROBNIH TOKOVA Zagreb, 12. travnja 2016. International Scientific Conference PERSPECTIVES ON CROATIAN 3PL INDUSTRY IN ACQUIRING INTERNATIONAL CARGO FLOWS Zagreb, 12th April 2016 Editors Chairman of Organising Committee Anđelko Ščukanec, PhD Hrvoje Gold, PhD Darko Babić, PhD Chairman of Scientific Committee Organising Committee Kristijan Rogić, PhD, HR Hrvoje Gold, PhD, President Mario Šafran, PhD Scientific Committee Ernest Bazijanac, PhD Kristijan Rogić, PhD, President, HR Hrvoje Baričević, PhD Štefica Mrvelj, PhD, HR Tomislav Josip Mlinarić, PhD Patr Průša, PhD, CZ Ljubo Jurčić, PhD Petr Kolář, PhD, CZ Ratko Stanković, PhD Mario Anžek, PhD, HR Ivona Bajor, PhD Herbert Kopfler, PhD, DE Diana Božić, PhD Patricija Bajec, PhD, SLO Ivo Drahotský, PhD Anđelko Ščukanec PhD, HR Tomislav Prpić Stanislav Pavlin, PhD, HR Barbara Bujačić Darko Babić, PhD, HR Dario Soldo Tomislav Rožić, PhD, HR Publisher Managing Editors Fakultet prometnih znanosti Ivona Bajor, PhD Printed in 200 copies Tomislav Rožić, PhD Production Editor & Computer Text Design ISBN 978-953-243-081-3 Ante Kulušić, B.Eng. CIP zapis dostupan u računalnom katalogu Nacionalne i URL sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu pod brojem 000929811. http://www.fpz.unizg.hr/zirp/ International Scientific Conference PERSPECTIVES ON CROATIAN 3PL INDUSTRY ZIRP2016 IN ACQUIRING INTERNATIONAL CARGO FLOW Zagreb, 12th April 2016 Authors Papers Page 1. Banović, B. VALUE ASSESSMENT OF TRAFFIC SIGNS 1-9 Fiolić, M. RETROREFLECTION IN THEIR LIFE CYCLE Babić, D. 2. Čefko, D. MULTI-ECHELON INVENTORY OPTIMIZATION 11-20 Šafran, M. Tomašić, D. 3. Dijanić, H. ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT INSURANCE MARKET IN 21-27 Šalamun, V. REPUBLIC OF CROATIA Ščukanec, M. 4. Gotić, M. ANALYSIS OF THE NORM HRN EN 1317-3: 2011 29-40 Ščukanec, A. FOCUSING ON TRAFFIC SIGNALIZATION WITH THE Sokol, H. PURPOSE OF PASSIVE PROTECTION OF ROAD USERS 5. Gregurić, M. SHORT REVIEW OF APPROACHES FOR VARIABLE 41-52 Ivanjko, E. SPEED LIMIT CONTROL Korent, N. Kušić, K. 6. Ivaković, M. ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RESOURCES STRUCTURE IN 53-63 Šolman, S. THE SEGMENT OF TRANSPORT Jurčević, M. 7. Kolarovszki, P. IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING OF THE 65-75 Tengler, J. CONTAINER AT THE POSTAL OPERATOR Peraković, D. Madlenák, R. 8. Kučera, T. INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO INVENTORY 77-88 Hyršlová, J. MANAGEMENT AND WAREHOUSING: A REVIEW AND A CASE STUDY 9. Lopac, A. A. THE ROLE OF INTEGRATED LOGISTICS SUPPORT IN 89-102 Rogić, K. ENHANCING THE RELIABILITY OF LNG IMPORT Rožić, T. TERMINALS I-III International Scientific Conference PERSPECTIVES ON CROATIAN 3PL INDUSTRY ZIRP2016 IN ACQUIRING INTERNATIONAL CARGO FLOW Zagreb, 12th April 2016 Authors Papers Page 10. Maretić, D. INFLUENCE OF MAXIMUM STOCK ON THE SUPPLY 103-109 Šafran, M. CHAIN Šuljagić, N. 11. Marinčić, M. OPTIMIZING VEHICLE ALOCATION IN THE RENT-A- 111-118 Stanković, R. CAR NETWORK BY APPLYING MATHEMATICAL Pašagić Škrinjar, J. MODEL 12. Mitrović, A. IMPACT OF WINTER MAINTANANCEON 119-127 Ščukanec, A. RETROREFLECTION OF ROAD MARKINGS Babić, D. 13. Mostarac, N. AIR SHOW AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT CONCEPT 129-136 Pavlin, S. Modić, A. 14. Novačko, L. TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT IN EMERGENCY 137-147 Ferko, M. SITUATIONS 15. Rabadia, H. CUSTOMIZING RISK ASSESSMENT FOR OPERATION 149-156 Sikora, I. IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENT 16. Radonjić Đogatović, V. DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES OF FTTH TECHNOLOGY IN 157-169 Radojičić, V. THE SERBIAN BROADBAND MARKET BASED ON Marković, G. PRICE AND MARKETING IMPACTS Kostić-Ljubisavljević, A. 17. Rihtarić, M. REVERSE LOGISTICS WAREHOUSE PROCESS 171-179 Klongsungsorn, P. OPTIMIZATION Bajor, I. 18. Short, J. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION IN PART-145 APPROVED 181-191 Sikora, I. MAINTENANCE ORGANISATIONS: THE MANAGEMENT OF RISK ATTITUDE II-III International Scientific Conference PERSPECTIVES ON CROATIAN 3PL INDUSTRY ZIRP2016 IN ACQUIRING INTERNATIONAL CARGO FLOW Zagreb, 12th April 2016 Authors Papers Page 19. Sikora, I. MARS – A FRESH LOOK AT RISK ASSESSMENT 193-209 Patriarca, R. MODELLING AND EFFECTIVE SAFETY DATA Di Gravio, G. COMMUNICATION Constantino, F. 20. Skoko, I. OVERVIEW OF THE WORLD MARITIME FLEET AND 211-219 Jurčević, M. FLOWS WITH REFERENCE ON THE FLEET AND PORTS Lušić, Z. IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA 21. Špehar, T. POSSIBILITIES OF INTERCITY INTERMODAL 221-229 Rožić, T. DISTRIBUTION DEVELOPMENT ON SHORT DISTANCE 22. Švehla, A. ALLOCATING DELIVERY VEHICLES WITHIN THE 231-240 Božić, D. TRANSPORT NETWORK BY APPLYING Stanković, R. MATHEMATICAL MODEL 23. Vidović, A. OPERATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS AND 241-251 Štimac, I. RESTRICTIONS FOR REDUCING NOISE AT AIRPORTS Zečević-Tadić, R. 24. Višnjić, V. ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMS VIOLATIONS IN THE 253-262 Stažnik, A. REPUBLIC OF CROATIA Babić, D. 25. Živković, M. EUROPEAN TRANSPORT STRATEGIES AFFECTING 263-274 REPUBLIC OF CROATIA III-III B. Banović, M. Fiolić, D. Babić: Value Assessment of Traffic Signs Retroreflection in Their Life Cycle BRANIMIR BANOVIĆ, univ.bacc.ing.traff. E-mail: [email protected] MARIO FIOLIĆ, mag.ing.traff. E-mail: [email protected] DARKO BABIĆ, Ph.D. E-mail: [email protected] Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences Vukelićeva 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia VALUE ASSESSMENT OF TRAFFIC SIGNS RETROREFLECTION IN THEIR LIFE CYCLE ABSTRACT The retroreflective materials for traffic signs began to be applied from 1939 when the experts in the 3M company produced first reflective traffic sign that is set at the intersection of State Road in Minnesota in the United States. Glass beads were applied to the substrate without external protection and were damaged by the atmospheric conditions. The last 30 years numerous studies were implemented and the different reflective materials (High Intensity Grade, Diamond Grade) have been developed and used for making traffic signs with the aim of increasing the visibility, especially at night and harsh conditions, and thus the overall traffic safety on the roads. This paper presents the analysis of the retroreflection value of traffic signs for a certain period of time and their impact on traffic safety. Survey was made on 13,387 traffic signs of different ages and different material classes which were located on 20 different road sections in Republic of Croatia and this article present results of that analysis. KEY WORDS: Traffic signalization, retro reflection, maintenance, life cycle 1. INTRODUCTION The minimum expected road sign visibility includes the minimum distance from which the driver can read the sign and can react on time and do the necessary maneuvers. The factors that help to identify the sign and its understanding are: its size, an ease of symbols or of used text, sign paint. The night driving conditions and visibility will require driver’s different consideration of a number of factors that occur when driving at night. How traffic signs wear off due to the exposure to atmospheric elements, relatively lower level of visibility comes up in which the sign is more difficult to spot and becomes less legible for more drivers. This condition deteriorates progressive, and thus traffic sign becomes inefficient and in the end it must be replaced with new one. At night the vehicle driver is close to the light source (vehicle headlight) and sees the retroreflector as a light, shiny surface. It is obvious that the vehicle headlight plays an important role in the degree of visibility of the retroreflector by night because its luminance is proportional to the light output of headlamp. This reinforcement of nighttime illumination results in a great contrast in relation to the dark environment and gives a needed improvement in visibility for most of the signs that are effective without additional separate lighting. 1 B. Banović, M. Fiolić, D. Babić: Value Assessment of Traffic Signs Retroreflection in Their Life Cycle One of the important factors by which retroreflective material are compared is the power of retroreflection, which describes the amount of light reflected by the retroreflective material. Another important characteristic is the angularity which presents the reflection value at a larger angle of the input light, and as the third important feature we can mention is durability that is shown in the reflection quality value through a certain number of years. The retroreflective films are available in different colors to cover selected portions or the entire sign surface. These are also available in various