Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17954-7 — Sovereignty, International Law, and the French Revolution Edward James Kolla Index More Information Index In this index, “annexed” refers to territories annexed by France and “Conquest” refers to French military conquest. active and passive citizens, 95 as precedent for Belgium, 153, 155 Adélaïde, Princess, 109–110 as precedent for conquest, 6–7 Alexander I (tsar), 271, 273n7 as precedent for Sister Republics, 208 Algeria, 159 as separate from France, 52–53, 53n53, Alpes-Maritimes department, 53n54 148–149, 197 treaty law in, 39, 61–74 Alsace. See also princes possessionnés Alsace-Lorraine, 281n30, 287–288 annexed, 2, 50–55, 75–76 Amelot, Antoine-Léon-Anne, 252–253, autonomous identities in, 30, 75–76 253n199, 257 Conseil souverain of, 51, 52–53, 65 American Civil War (1861–1865), 80, 291 Corsica as precedent for, 155 American Colonies, 27–28, 40, 171–172 departments of France established in, American Revolution, 276–277, 276n17, 54–55 277n18, 277n19 feudalism abolished in, 37, 38–39 ancien régime French respect for customs of, 51, 51n46 Bonaparte’s Italian diplomacy and, 235 French sovereignty in, 50, 50n44 Enlightenment critiques of diplomacy German unification and, 287–288 in, 26–27, 72 Germany’s annexation of, 80 financial crises of, 26–27, 33–34, governmental complexities in, 51–53 53–54 Holy Roman Empire fiefs in, 50 France’s natural boundaries/frontiers international law and, 30–31 and, 165–166 Landeshoheit (territorial sovereignty) international crises of, 27–28 in, 50n43, 50–51 international law in, 11–16 under Louis XIV, 51, 53n53 Merlin on treaty laws of, 64–67 Merlin on, 64–67 Republican reversions to diplomacy of, popular sovereignty in, 2, 20–21, 35, 194–195 37–38, 39, 55, 79, 82, 121–122, 157, revolutionary administration replacing, 208, 262–263 135–136 as precedent for Avignon, 85–86, rights of, retained by French Republic, 87–88, 122 233n111 316 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17954-7 — Sovereignty, International Law, and the French Revolution Edward James Kolla Index More Information Index 317 treaties made by, 11–16, 22–23, 64n87, Frances’s objectives and, 125–126n7 71–72, 72n109, 78, 80, 102–103 French alliance with, 129 war waged by, 24, 27–28 French annexation of Belgium Anghie, Antony, 293–294n60 recognized by, 157 Anselme, Jacques Bernard d’, 132–133, Italy and, 217–218, 230, 232, 232n103, 136 232n106, 251, 285–286 Aristotle, 8 peace negotiated with, 196–198, Armstrong, David, 28–29n85 231–232, 233n111, 268 army/armies of France. See also pouvoir Pope Pius VI and, 111, 113 révolutionnaire; war; specific battles; princes possessionnés supported by, specific places 39–40 coercion accusations against, 143 Prussian defeat of (1866), 285–286 decree of December 15 and, 135–138, Roman Sister Republic not recognized 145–148, 159, 228–229 by, 239–240 decree of fraternity and, 135–138 in the Schleswig-Holstein question, mission civilisatrice and, 159 286–287 National Convention on the conduct of, War of the Austrian Succession and, 41 134–135 War of the Second Coalition and, non-interference in occupied territories 225–226 and, 145, 154 Austrian alliance (1756), 72, 129 plunder by, 148–149, 160–162, Avignon 164–165, 177–179, 182–184, overview, 84–120 254, 257 Alsace as precedent for, 85–86, political clubs influenced by, 142–143 87–88, 122 requisitions imposed by, 159, 174–175, annexation opposed, 87–88, 97–98, 178–179, 254–259, 256n214, 102–103, 104–105 268–269, 283 annexation requested, 91, 91n18, Revolution resisted in territories 104, 206 occupied by, 46n29, 102, 104, 137, annexed, 3, 30n92, 84–85, 86–87, 95, 146–148, 152–153, 253, 278–280 107–108n89, 111, 114–120, 236, 1796 advances of, 228 280–281 territorial governments reorganized by, Comtat Venaissin in conflict with, 132–133, 135–136, 162, 163 91–93, 100–101 voting overseen by, 96–97, 139, 143 Comtat Venaissin united with, 87–88, war on tyrants and, 121, 243 93–94, 94n31, 163 Assembly of Notables, 44 Corsica as precedent for, 66–67, 66n96, assignats (French paper currency), 67n97, 85–86, 87–88, 122, 155 175, 257 Enlightenment in, 89–90 Aulard, Alphonse, 20, 20n60, 23–24n68, envoys sent to Paris from, 85–86, 91, 30, 30n90, 124n3, 127, 208–209 91n18, 98, 102–103 Austin, John, 293–294, 293n60, 296, famine in, 90 296n69 French characteristics of, 88–89, Austria 89n11, 203 Bavaria and, 197n136, 235 French mediators sent to, 93–94, Belgium and, 197n136 93n27, 96–97 compensations proposed for, 197n136 French national unity and, 75–76 compensations sought by, 197 French neutrality toward, 92–93 defeat of, in Alsace, 216n32 French occupations of, 90, 90n14 France at war with, 28, 111, French troops sent to, 92–93, 110 121–122n2, 130–131, 225–226, 228 independence of, declared, 95 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17954-7 — Sovereignty, International Law, and the French Revolution Edward James Kolla Index More Information 318 Index Avignon (cont.) French alliance with, 229–230 international law and, 30–31, 86–88, French domination of, 245–247, 91, 92–93, 113, 118–120 249–250 international status of, 87 French hypocrisy addressed by, papacy and, 84–85, 88, 89–90, 91, 246–247n169 96–97, 104–105, 116–117, French military occupation of, 221, 285 218n39, 219 popular sovereignty in, 3, 10, 20–21, indemnities and requisitions imposed 25, 83, 87, 92–93, 101–108, on, 219, 254 114–116, 117–118, 127–128, 206, Map 5.1, 215 262–263 negotiating with France, 245–247 as precedent for Belgium, 155 pouvoir révolutionnaire and, 218–219 as precedent for conquest, 3–4, 6–7, price controls imposed on, 257n217 108–116 as Sister Republic, 208–209n5 as precedent for Nice, 135 state status of, 241, 265–266 as precedent for Rauracian Bates, David, 76n120, 186n94, Republic, 212 186–187n96 as precedent for the Rhineland, 162 Battle of Fleurus, 156–157, 163–165, as precedent for Savoy, 135 217–218 as precedent for Italy, 208, 230–231 Battle of Jemappes, 131, 138, 157–158 Robespierre on, 92–93 Battle of Neerwinden, 149, 156–157 secession and, 98–99 Battle of Rivoli, 231 self-determination in, 85, 108, 118, Battle of the Nations, 283 119, 281, 282 Battle of Valmy, 130–131, 157–158 in the Seven Years’ War, 90 Battle of Waterloo, 273–274n8 Treaty of Tolentino and, 238n128 Bavaria, 197n136, 230n93, 235 unification of, 93–94 Beauharnais, Alexandre de, 173, violence in, 84–85, 86, 93 198n140 voting in, 93–94, 95–98, 112, 121–122, Beauharnais, Eugène de, 264 138, 208 Beaulac, Stephane, 13n31 Azerbaijan, 290–291 Becker, Carl L., 284n36 Belgium Baker, Keith, 16n44, 29n87, Alsace as precedent for, 153 191n113 ambivalence of, toward Bangladesh, 290–291 annexation, 3–4 Barère, Bertrand, 57, 72, 86n6, 141, annexation rejected by citizens 152–153 of, 139 Barnave, Antoine, 59–60 annexation requested by citizens of, Barrin, Viscount de, 46–48, 46n29, 139–141 47n30, 47n31, 47n32 annexed, 121, 140, 141, 156, 157, Barthélemy, François-Marie, 193–194, 159, 227 193n122, 196, 200–201 assignats as required currency in, 175 Basel, 211–212, 222–224, 226n77, 287 Austria and, 197n136 Batavian Republic. See also the Avignon as precedent for, 138–141, Netherlands 143, 152 assignats as required currency in, 257 Corsica as precedent for, 155 constitution of, drafted by France, dynastic rulers of, 128–130, 221 219–220 envoys sent from Paris to, 145 establishment of, 204, 207, 218, 254 envoys sent to Paris from, 138, exploitation of, 204–205 139–140 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17954-7 — Sovereignty, International Law, and the French Revolution Edward James Kolla Index More Information Index 319 France’s national/cultural boundaries Blanning, T. C. W., 78n126, 124n3, and, 199, 203 125–126n7, 135–136, 157–158, French adherence to principles and, 160–161, 165n10, 191n113, 266–267 230n96 French agents in, 139, 142, 143, 143n66 Blauw, Jacobus, 245 French commercial policies imposed in, Bodin, Jean, 13, 16, 77, 78 175–176 Boissy-d’Anglas, François-Antoine French conquest of, 4 de, 182 French loss and reconquering of, Bologna, 109, 229, 230–231, 231n97, 156–157, 177 249n180 French military control of, 151–152 Bonaparte, Elisa, 264 French view of, as inferior, 155 Bonaparte, Jérome, 264 independence from the Netherlands, Bonaparte, Joseph, 237–238, 264 284–285 Bonaparte, Louis, 264 international law and, 30–31 Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon popular sovereignty in, 5, 10, 122, 145, Bonaparte 152–153 Bos, Maarten, 7n10 pouvoir révolutionnaire in, 145–148, Bosnia, 291 149–155, 208, 241n148, 242n149 Bossuet, Jacques-Bénigne, 16 as precedent for conquest, 6–7 Boswell, James, 36n2 as precedent for Italy, 228–229 Bouche, François Charles, 92, as precedent for Sister Republics, 208 102–103, 104 as precedent for the Netherlands, 217 boundaries of France. See natural rebellions and revolutions in, boundaries/frontiers of France 128–130 Bourbon dynasty, 13–14n33, 22, 90n14, requisitions administration in, 177 239, 240, 260n233, 272, 283–284. secession and, 138 See also Family Compact state status of, 5–6 Brabant Revolution, 128–130, 157 voting in, 121–122, 138–140, Brierly, James Leslie, 7, 8, 8n16, 9 142–143 Briez, Philippe Constant Joseph, 179 war in, 121 Broers, Michael, 94, 259, 259n228, Belissa, Marc, 26n74, 28–29n85, 56n63, 262n240, 263 72n109, 107–108n89, 192n118 Broussy, Antoine, 208–209n5 Bentham, Jeremy, 293, 293n57 Brumaire coup.