MAZHARUL HAQ AND HIS ROLE IN THE FREEDOM STRUGGLE Dissertation submitted for the M. Phil Degree BY HASSAN IMAM Under the Supervision of Prof. M. Zameerudditi Siddiqui (Chairman) CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1989 DS1661 CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY TELEPHONE : 5S4ft DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNlVERSll ALIGARH, U. P. 30 December, 1989. This is to certi-fy that the dissertation on MAZHARUL HAQ AND HIS ROLE IN THE FREEDOM STRUGGLE submitted by Mr. Hassan Imam is the original work of the candidate and is suitable -for submission -for the award o-f M.Phil. Degree. ^^;^ M.Zameeruddin Siddiqui (Supervisor > CONTENTS * Acknowledgements * Introduction 1* Mazharul Haq: A Political Profile (1-33). 2* Mazharul Haq And Kanpur Mosque Agitation (34-54). 3* Role Of Mazharul Haq In Pan- Islamic Movement <55-84). 4* Mazharul Haq And Home Rule Movement (85-112). 5»Mazharul Haq's Role In Agitation Against Rawlatt Act (113-132) 6* Mazharul Haq In Khilafat And Non Cooperation Movements (133-170). tttttttt*** ACKNOWLEDGEMENT With a sense of utmost gratitude and indebtedness I consider it my moral and ple?asant duty to e;;press a sincere sense o-f gratitude and obligations towards all the teachers and -friends o-f the department with whom I received proper guidance, encouragement and 1-ind cooperation during my research study. First,ly I would 111-e to than^ my parents who has always been a constant source of inspiration and encouragement all the times. I am also thant'-ful to Mrs* Naima Imam -for her t-een interest in my study. I am also thanl--ful to my brothers and sisters -for the same. I am equally thant-ful to my'supervisor Pro-f. li. Zameeruddin Siddiqui (Chairman), Department of History who has always been a constant source of inspiration and encouragement all the times during the pursuance of my research worl--. 'I can never forget the goodwill and proper care of Prof. M. Zameeruddin Siddiqui who inspite of his tJusy schedule guided me properly and suggested me all the times and lastly examined my worl--. My grateful acknowledgements are due to my esteemed teachers like Prof . I- . A. Nir:ami , Prof.Irfan Habib, Prof. R.C. Gaur, Prof. M.Zameeruddin Siddiqui, Prof. M.A. Alvi , Prof . A. J . Qaisar , Pro-f. M.Athar All, Prof.I.Alam than, Prof.Shireen Moosvi, Prof. S.P.Gupta, Prof. I, H. Si ddi qui , Prof . liansoora Haider, Dr. M.P.Singh, Dr.E. Huda, Dr.A. Anmi, Dr. M.D.N.Sahi, Dr .R.f .Tri vedi , Dr. Iqbal Hussam, Dr. S.M.R.Naqvi, Dr.I.A.Zllli, Dr.Afzal Hussain, and all other teachers ai the department whose scholarly personalities have inspired me in pursuit of this <--=.tudy. , I am e;:tremely thanl^ ful to Dr.MasDom Raza hasimi Deputy Director (Bihar State Archieves, Patna) -for his kind cooperation •for providing me the valuable and unexplored documents on my research study. I am profoundly grate-ful to Mrs ?•< Mr Irfan Al i, A Feros Ahmad, Mr.Shamsul Haque, Miss Seema, Miss Ghazala Parveen, and others for their hospitality during my stay at Patna for material collection. 1 am also thankful to Mr5.?< Mr. S. fv. A. Ri nvi (IPS) for showing their teen interest in my research wort'. I would lite to e;;press my deep sense of gratitude to Prof.Qeyamuddin Ahamad, Patna University, for his valuable suggestion during my stay at Patna and even on his arrival to Aligarh concerning my research wort. I am equally thantcful to Dr.A.R.Bedar,(Director,Fhuda Batsh O.P. Library, Patna) and Dr.T.S.Sinha (Director, Bihar State Archives. Patna) for their tind cooperation and teen interest in my research study. I am also greatly thantful to Prof.Hasan Ahmad,Prof.Shan Muhammad (Departm£>nt of Political Science) Dr. M. P. Singh (Dpt. of History) Dr. Humayun Murad,(Provost,M.H. Hall) Dr. Shamim Ahmad (Dpt. of psychology) Psychology) Shamsul Haque Siddiqui and Dr.T.A.Mnan for their heartily sympathy. I am indebted to the Director and the staff of the National Archieves of India (New Delhi), Director and staff of the Bihar State Arc-hieves (Fatna), Director and staff of the Khuda Batcsh Khan O.P. Library (Patna), Librarian and other staff of S.N.Sinha Library (Patna), Librarian and staff of Maulana Anad Library and Research Seminar Library , Dpt. Of History, A.M.U., Aligarh. I am very much thankful and obliged to Mr.Qamrul Hoda Faridi and Mr. Usman Ghani for extending their support for their undertaking the? difficult tash of proof reading. My thanks are due to my other research collegues especially to Mr.Reaz Ahamad, M.Hamid, S.Pashir Ha&an, Javed A^htar, Javed Hasan, Farhat Hasan, Farid Ahmad, Afaq Bashir Siddiqui, Nafees Ahmad, S.Ahmad Siddiqui, Zeeshan Izzat, Vinod Kumar, Sajjad Ansari, Siraj Anwar,and others. , I owe a special thanks to my friends Mr.Muaaffar-e-Islam , Dr.Mushawir Islam, Ahasan Rana, Akhtar Riaz, Fateh Faiyas, M.A.Jauhar, M.A.Beg, M.Sharif, Ahmad Husain, S.Huda Khan, IMand Pi shore, Naushad All, Mahmood Sani, and Oamar Mehdi for their so very ungrudging coopration . Thanks to a greater degree due the U.G.C. for their grant of fellowship which facilitated me in the completion of this dissertat1 on, L..ast ' 'but not least I am thankful to Mr.Ashraf Nairn, N.N.Khawaja, Anwar Nairn and Guddu for word processing my dissertation so carefully and diligently. December, 1989. (HASSAN IMAM) 1 INTRODUCTION Mazharul Haq was a dozen among the -freedom fighters o-f the early twentieth century. He was among the -founding -fathers o-f the new national trends which became the hallmark of the new traditions and dimensions which the movement assumed during this period. It was misnumour to dub him a regional national leader of Bihar. Infact he' belonged to the whole of the country and had very cosmopolitan arid liberal outlook. He adhered to the ideals of peaceful struggle and passive resistance through the technique of satyagraha in the achievement of national goal of securing Home Rule and larger and larger participation of Indian in the political , social and Economic sphere in the country. He was among the front rankers in the national conflict against the British colonialisation and was a true devotee of the ideals of Peaceful but determined struggle to achieve Home Rule autonomy and the larger demand of the self rule by the Indians. Mazharul Haq though he was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and all the national concept and endeavour and fought shoulder to shoulder with him in the larger interest of the country's self rule and removing the vestiges of colonial domination and exploitation yet he was never oblivious of urges of his community and the dictates of his conscience to sponsor the cause of pan-Islamic movement and the value of Islam to give a benign guidance to the Islamic people all over the world. The problem that he faced were indeed of great intensity and gravity but he like other prominent muslim awaken the Muslim community from the slumber of ages and awaken among them a sense of confidence , self importance and utility to serve the community 11 and country . He knew that the muslims will be greatly instrumental in -forming a part of national movement, which would pull its energies the highest ideal in cohesion and solidarity with other communities in the national unity -forged ahead by his persistence ef-forts bore fruits in the succeeding ages. His •examples was followed by other great Muslims leaders like haulana Abul Kalam Azad and they all had drawn the muslims from the closets and brought them in the open to make their mark felt on canvas of national movement. In this way the muslims too became the part and the parcel of the national potential and the national movement". In this way both the major communities Hindu and Muslim contributed enormously towards the achievement of the goal . The Pan-Islamic movement of which Mazharul Haq became a philosopher and guide, was channelised by him and by Muhammad Ali and Abul Kalam Azad towards spirited endeavour by the muslims in opposition to by the British colonial and were dominated by the western European powers. It was directed not only to emancipate India but the whole Asia and Africa from the clutches of the western colonialism and towards the more fundamental ideals of making the religion and politics as two facts of the same reality. Mahatma (^andhi was too, conscious of this significant of Pan-Islamic and Khilafat movement and therefore he came out to support this movement without stretched hands. Work on Mazharul Haq has been scarcely attempted . A short handiwork by Prof. Qeyamuddin Ahmad gives a brilliant analysis of his life and work in a short resume. This work has to be elaborated upon and extended with reference to Ill -the untapped source materials and discovery of documents papers, manuals and documents discovered from archieves and private collection and to be processed , classified interpreted and utilised in their proper perspectives other* work, on the subject Ayde's works, The message o-f Ashiana and Maul ana Mazharul Haque which provide significant glimpses and spread work for the future historians on the subject. The generation of Mazharul Haq was imbued with high idealism in national work and for the service of the motherland and they were committed to achieve Hindu-Muslim unity and social uplift of the masses. motives of philanthropic moves and extricating the common people from want, fear, demoralization, lethargy and despondency were some of the driving forces which promoted them to dedicate their life to serve the best interest of the people of India and Mazharul Haq takes the position of prominence in the galaxy of such outstanding personalities of India.