Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Psychoanalytic Theory Theories of counseling- OMC 18th January, 2011 Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Dr Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 n Oldest of eight children n Married with 3 girls and 3 boys n Physician-Biologist – Scientific oriented and Pathology oriented theory n Jewish-anti-religion-All religion an illusion used to cope with feelings of infantile helplessness n In Vienna Austria 78 years till 1938 n Based theory on personal experiences n Died of cancer of jaw & mouth lifelong cigar chain-smoker Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Approach: n Model of personality development n Philosophy of Human Nature n Method of Psychotherapy n Identified dynamic factors that motivate behavior n Focused on role of unconscious n Developed first therapeutic procedures for understanding & modifying structure of one’s basic character Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Determinism n Freud’s perspective n Behavior is determined by n Irrational forces n Unconscious motivations n Biological and instinctual drives as they evolve through the six psychosexual stages of life Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Instincts n Libido – sexual energy – survival of the individual and human race- oriented towards growth, development & creativity – Pleasure principle – goal of life gain pleasure and avoid pain n Death instinct – accounts for aggressive drive – to die or to hurt themselves or others n Sex and aggressive drives- powerful determinants of peoples actions Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. The Structure of Personality n THE ID — The Demanding Child n Ruled by the pleasure principle n THE EGO — The Traffic Cop n Ruled by the reality principle n THE SUPEREGO — The Judge n Ruled by the moral principle Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Id n Basic psychic energy and motivations n Operates to demands of Pleasure Principle - strive to satisfy desires and reduce inner tension n Sea around an Island Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Ego n Deals with real world n Operates to demands of Reality Principle solves problems by planning & acting n City Hall on island roots and foundation in sea - id Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Superego n Internalized social norm & moral forces pressing on and constraining individual action n The “over-I” over ego n Church on island roots and foundation in sea - id Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Psychosexual Theory of Development n Five Stages of Development n Oral Stage n Anal Stage n Phallic Stage n Latency Period n Genital Stage Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. The Development of Personality n ORAL STAGE (First year) n Related to later mistrust and rejection issues n ANAL STAGE (Ages 2-4) n Related to later personal power issues n PHALLIC STAGE (Ages 4-6) n Related to later sexual attitudes n LATENCY STAGE (Ages 5-11) n A time of socialization n GENITAL STAGE (Ages 12-60) n Sexual energies are invested in life Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Oral Stage: Birth to 2 year n Satisfy drive of hunger and thirst by breast or bottle n If fixated after weaned: n Over Dependency n Over Attachment n “Intake” of interesting substances/ideas Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Anal Stage: 2- 4 years n Id wants pleasure of reducing tension by defecating & urinating n Toilet training – get superego to impose societal norms n Self-control n Holding back n Freedom of action no control Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Fixated at Anal Stage n Enjoy bathroom humor-making messes-even of other people’s lives n Neatness, order & organization and Obstinacy & Stinginess – Anal retentive- passive aggressive Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Phallic Stage: 4 – 6 years n Sexual energy focused on genitals n Masturbation n Differences between boys and girls n Emerging sexual gender identity n Personality fixed by end of this stage Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Oedipus Complex n A boy’s sexual feeling for his mother and rivalries with his father n Psychological defenses against these threatening thoughts and feelings n Form reaction pattern used throughout life n Form personality through identification with father n Diminish fear of castration- vicariously obtain mother through father Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Castration Anxiety n Unconscious fear of loss of penis and becoming like a female n Fear of powerful people overcoming them n Fear of revenge of the powerful people Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Penis Envy n A girl’s feelings of inferiority and jealousy n Turns affections from mother to father since blame mom for no penis n Although can’t have penis can have baby n Wants to find a good man like her father and produce a baby Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Latency Period 5-11 years of age n Time between resolution of Oedipus complex and puberty n Usually not possible for sexual urges to be directly expressed n Sexual energies are channeled into school and friends Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Genital Stage Adolescence - Adulthood n Normal sexual relations n Marriage n Child-rearing Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Ego-Defense Mechanisms n Ego-defense mechanisms: n Are normal behaviors which operate on an unconscious level and tend to deny or distort reality n Help the individual cope with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overwhelmed n Have adaptive value if they do not become a style of life to avoid facing reality Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Defense Mechanisms n To protect the ego against the painful and threatening impulses arising from the id we distort the reality n The processes that distort the reality for the ego are called defense mechanisms Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Types of Defense Mechanisms n Repression n Reaction Formation n Denial n Projection n Displacement n Sublimation n Regression n Rationalization Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Repression n Pushes threatening thoughts back into the unconscious n Posttraumatic Stress Disorder- PTSD – Common with veterans and victims of sexual abuse n False memories – suggested through psychotherapist intentionally or unintentionally Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Reaction Formation n Process of pushing away threatening impulses by overemphasizing the opposite in one’s thoughts and actions n Examples: Jim Bakker & Jimmy Swaggart Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Denial n Refusing to acknowledge anxiety-provoking stimuli n Mind’s means of keeping its own sensations out of conscious awareness n Or n That fabulous river which runs down the middle of Egypt which many of us sail on Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Projection n Anxiety-arousing impulses are externalized by placing them, or projecting them, onto others. n A person’s inner threats are attributed to those around them n Newt Gingrich: public diatribe against infidelity of president while engaged in own long term infidelity out of public eye Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Displacement n The shifting of the targets of one’s unconscious fears or desires n Hydraulic Replacement Model n Some release valve must be found for the bottled-up aggressive impulses triggered by frustration and humiliation n Example: Man angry at boss kicks dog, kids n Tools for Anger Workout- www.coping.org Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Sublimation n Transforming of dangerous urges into positive, socially acceptable motivation n Turns sexual energy away fro sexual ends and towards societal goals n Is is possible that as society becomes more sexually liberated, art, creativity and even civilization will suffer? Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Regression n Returning to earlier, safer stages of our lives n There may be regression to the stage where there was previous fixation Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Rationalization n A mechanism involving post hoc logical explanations for behaviors that were actually driven by internal unconscious motives n Explanation for behavior not even remotely related to the true causes Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. What is the Unconscious n That portion of the mind inaccessible to usual, conscious thought n Get to unconscious through Free Association: spontaneous free flowing associations of ideas and feelings Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. The Unconscious n Clinical evidence for postulating the unconscious: n Dreams n Slips of the tongue n Posthypnotic suggestions n Material derived from free- association n Material derived from projective techniques n Symbolic content of psychotic symptoms n NOTE: consciousness is only a thin slice of the total mind Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark.