JAPB14_proof ■ 29 April 2014 ■ 1/7 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2014) e1ee7 55 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect 56 57 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 58 59 journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/journals/journal-of-asia-pacific- 60 biodiversity/2287-884x 61 62 63 Original article 64 65 1 Benthic invertebrate fauna in the islets of Namuseom 66 2 67 3 and Bukhyeongjeseom off Busan 68 4 69 a a b b a,* 5 Q5 Hosung Hwang , Jisoon Kang , In-Young Cho , Dong-Won Kang , Woon Kee Paek , 70 6 Seok Hyun Lee c,** 71 7 72 8 a Natural History Research Team, National Science Museum, Daejeon, Republic of Korea b fi 73 9 General Planning and Management Division, Planning Of ce for Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea 74 10 c Department of Biological Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea 75 11 76 12 77 13 article info abstract 78 14 79 15 Article history: This study was conducted to examine the benthic invertebrate fauna inhabiting in the subtidal zone in 80 16 Received 18 March 2014 and around the islets of Namuseom and Bukhyeongjeseom off the coast of Busan by SCUBA diving in 81 17 Received in revised form September 2013. As a consequence, it was confirmed that a total of 6 phyla, 14 classes, 20 orders, 46 82 25 March 2014 18 families, and 73 species of zoobenthos inhabit in and around those islets. The total number of species Accepted 31 March 2014 83 surveyed by taxon during the study is 22 species of Arthropoda (30%), 20 species of Mollusca (27%), 15 19 Available online xxx 84 20 species of Cnidaria (21%), 10 species of Echinodermata (14%), four species of Poridera (5%), and two 85 species of Chordata. 21 Keywords: 86 Copyright Ó 2014, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). 22 Invertebrate fauna 87 Production and hosting by ELSEVIER. All rights reserved. 23 Namuseom Islet 88 Bukhyeongjeseom Islet 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 Introduction Conservation and Management of Marine Ecosystem and have been 92 28 properly managed, which are of high value in terms of research and 93 29 Busan is located in the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula science on subtropical fauna that increasingly go northwards. 94 30 bordering the sea in its south and includes 45 (un)inhabited islets The previous researches on the fauna in and around the unin- 95 31 (Busan, 2012). Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic habited islets off Busan were conducted by the Ministry of 96 32 Administration (2010) attributed about 0.2 C increased in water Environment (2003) and the Busan Regional Maritime Affairs and 97 33 temperature off Busan waters in the past decade to the rise in the Fisheries Office (2007), and most of them investigated those in 98 34 minimum water temperature during winter due to the increasingly the intertidal zones. Although the Ministry of Environment (2010) 99 35 stronger high-temperature and high-salt concentration Tsushima conducted a survey on Namuseom Islet, the survey was not accu- 100 36 current. In addition, the administration published that judging from rate because it did not analyze the previous data for accurate ex- 101 37 the increasing trend in the average water temperature in the amination and the Bukhyeongjeseom Islet was not investigated. 102 38 southern coast, the thermal front distinguishing the waters off the The purpose of this study is to compare the list of species found 103 39 south coast from Tsushima current becomes weaker making the during the survey on the subtidal zone of the islets of Namuseom 104 40 Busan waters already an optimal marine environment for warm-sea and Bukhyeongjeseom with the previous studies in order to iden- 105 41 fish and marine species. Such a climate change sees temperate and tify the subtropical organisms that have moved northwards from 106 42 subtropical species appearing; accordingly the islets of Namuseom their native habit, to identify species inhabit in the survey area as 107 43 and Namhyeongjeseom were designated as a marine sanctuary well as their compositional change. 108 44 in November 2013 pursuant to Article 25 of the Act on the 109 45 110 Methods 46 111 47 112 * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ82 (0) 42 601 7861. This study was conducted for two days from 27th and 28th 48 ** þ 113 Q1 Corresponding author. Tel.: 82 (0) 51 999 6932. September, 2013 in and around the islets of Namuseom and 49 E-mail addresses: [email protected] (W.K. Paek), [email protected] 114 Bukhyeongjeseom in Saha-gu, Busan (Figure 1), in a way to survey 50 (S.H. Lee). 115 benthic invertebrate fauna by SCUBA diving at each survey site the 51 Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and 116 Korea National Arboretum (KNA). deepest at 23 m below sea level. The individuals collected were 52 117 53 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2014.03.009 118 54 2287-884X/Copyright Ó 2014, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by ELSEVIER. All rights reserved. 119 Please cite this article in press as: Hwang H, et al., Benthic invertebrate fauna in the islets of Namuseom and Bukhyeongjeseom off Busan, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2014.03.009 JAPB14_proof ■ 29 April 2014 ■ 2/7 e2 H Hwang et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2014) e1ee7 1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 Figure 1. Study areas of Islets of Namuseom (A) and Bukhyeongjeseom (B). 96 32 97 33 subject to anesthesia for 4 to 5 hours depending on each taxon and Order Astrophoridae 98 34 then, if required, fixed in 70e100% ethyl alcohol or 5e10% formalin Family Stelletidae 99 35 before being carried to the specimen preparation lab for photog- Caminus awashimensis Tanita, 1969 100 36 raphy and immersion specimen. The identification and arrange- Order Poecilosclerida 101 37 ment of country name referred to: Rho (1977) for Poridera; Song Family Myxillidae 102 38 (2004) and Park (2010) for cnidarians; Shin and Rho (1996) and Myxilla sp. 103 39 Shin (2010) for Echinodermata; Paik (1989) for Annelida; Choi Phylum Cnidaria 104 40 (1992) for Mollusca; and Kim (1973) for Arthropoda while the Class Anthozoa 105 41 classification complied with the system set the forth in the Korean Order Alcyonacea 106 42 Society of Systematic Zoology (1997) and the World Register of Family Alcyonidae 107 43 Q2 Marine Species (WoRMS, 2014). Bellonella rubra Brudin, 1896 108 44 Dendronephthya sp. 109 45 Order Gorgonacea 110 46 Result Family Melithaeidae 111 47 Melithaea flabellifera flabellifera Kükenthal, 1909 112 48 List of the species in Islets of Namuseom and Bukhyeongjeseom Acabaria tenuis Kükenthal, 1908 113 49 Acabaria undulata Kükenthal, 1908 114 50 This survey found a total of 6 phyla, 14 classes, 26 orders, 48 Acabaria sp1. 115 51 families, and 73 species of zoobenthos. The total number of species Acabaria sp2. 116 52 surveyed by taxon during the study is: 22 species of Arthropoda Family Acanthogorniidae 117 53 (30%), 20 species of Mollusca (27%), 15 species of Cnidaria (21%), 10 Acalycigorgia inermis (Hedlund, 1890) 118 54 species of Echinodermata (14%), 4 species of Poridera (5%), and 2 Acalycigorgia radians Kükenthal & Gorzawsky, 1908 119 55 species of Chordata, indicating the largest appearance of Family Plexauridae 120 56 Arthropoda. Euplexaura recta (Nutting, 1910) * 121 57 Order Pennatulacea 122 58 Q3 Phylum Porifera Family Virgulariidae 123 59 Class Demospongiae Virgularia gustaviana (Herklots, 1863) 124 60 Order Haplosclerida Order Actiniaria 125 61 Family Callyspongiidae Family Actiniidae 126 62 Callyspongia confoederata (sensu Ridley, 1884) Actinia sp. 127 63 Order Hadromerida Aulactinia coccinea (Verrill, 1866) 128 64 Family Clionaidae Family Nemanthidae 129 65 Cliona celata Grant, 1826 Nemanthus nitidus Wassilieff, 1908 ** 130 Please cite this article in press as: Hwang H, et al., Benthic invertebrate fauna in the islets of Namuseom and Bukhyeongjeseom off Busan, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2014.03.009 JAPB14_proof ■ 29 April 2014 ■ 3/7 H Hwang et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2014) e1ee7 e3 1 Order Antipatharia Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860) 66 2 Family Antipathidae Family Galatheidae 67 3 Antipathes japonica Brook * Galathea orientalis Stimpson, 1858 68 4 Class Hydrozoa Family Porcellanidae 69 5 Order Thecatae Pisidia serratifrons (Stimpson, 1858) 70 6 Family Plumulariidae Family Diogenidae 71 7 Plumulariidae sp. Areopaguristes nigroapiculus (Komai, 2009) 72 8 Phylum Mollusca Paguristes ortmanni Miyake, 1978 73 9 Class Polyplacophora Family Paguridae 74 10 Order Neoloricata Pagurus japonicus (Stimpson, 1858) 75 11 Family Chitonidae Pagurus nigrivittatus Komai, 2003 76 12 Onithochiton hirasei Pilsbry, 1901 Pagurus proximus Komai, 2000 77 13 Class Gastropoda Pagurus rubrior Komai, 2003 78 14 Order Archaeogastropoda Family Pilumnidae 79 15 Family Haliotidae Harrovia japonica Balss, 1921 80 16 Nordotis discus (Reeve, 1846) Heteropilumnus ciliatus (stimpson, 1858) 81 17 Family Acmaeidae Pilumnus minutus De Haan, 1835 82 18 Acmaea (Niveotectura) pallida (Gould, 1859) Family Xanthidae 83 19 Family Trochidae Actaea semblatae Guinot, 1976 84 20 Omphalius rusticus (Gmelin, 1791) Cycloxanthops truncatus (De Haan, 1837) 85 21 Omphalius pfeifferi (Dunker, 1882) Microcassiope orientalis Takeda & Miyake, 1969 86 22 Calliostoma unicum (Dunker, 1860) Medaeops granulosus (haswell, 1882) 87 23 Stomatolina rubra (Lamarck, 1822) Family Portunidae 88 24 Family Turbinidae Liocarcinus corrugatus (Pennant, 1777) 89 25 Turbo cornutus Lightfoot, 1786 Family Epialtidae 90 26 Order Mesogastropoda Hyastenus elongatus Ortmann, 1893 91 27 Family Vermetidae Phylum Echinodermata 92 28 Serpulorbis imbricatus (Dunker, 1860) Class Crinoidae 93 29 Family Calyptraeidae Order Comantulida 94 30 Crepidula onyx (Reeve, 1859) Family Comasteridae 95 31 Order Neogastropoda Comasteridae sp.