85 Unit 7: Festivals ______________________________________________________________________________ แผนการสอน หัวเรื่อง 7.1 Songkran Festival 7.2 The Festival of Tenth Lunar Month 7.3 Yi – Peng Festival 7.4 The Rocket Festival 7.5 The Illuminated Boat Procession 7.6 The Ghost Festival (Phi Taa Khon) วัตถุประสงค - เลือกใชคําศัพท สํานวน และโครงสรางประโยคเกยวกี่ บเทศกาลและประเพณั ไดี - อธิบายและใหรายละเอ ียดเกยวกี่ ับเทศกาล หรือประเพณสี ําคัญของไทยได - สรุปขอมูลเกี่ยวกับเทศกาล หรือประเพณของแตี ละภูมภาคไดิ กิจกรรมการเรียน - เรียนรูคําศัพท และสํานวนเกยวกี่ ับเทศกาล หรือประเพณสี ําคัญของไทย - การตอบคําถาม และเลาประวัติความเปนมาของประเพณ ี - จัดทําแผนพับแนะนําการทองเที่ยวตามเทศกาล หรือประเพณีของทองถิ่น 86 สื่อการสอน - เอกสารสอน - แผนพับ - ขอมูลจากเว็บไซด การประเมินผล - แบบฝกหัด - กิจกรรมการสรางบทสนทนา - การจัดทําแผนพ ับ - การอธิบาย และใหขอมูล 87 7.1 The Songkran Festival The songdran or Water Festival is the traditional Thai New Year’s celebration. Generally, it is held for a period of 3 days, from April 13 to 15 - the hottest time of the year. The word “Songkran” is from Sanskrit, meaning the beginning of a new solar year. In the traditional Thai calendar, this falls in April, when the sun enters Aries. Thus, the Songkran Festival is held to mark the beginning of a new solar year. Songkran is celebrated all over Thailand, especially in the northern province of Chiang Mai and at Paklat, a riverside area of Pra Pradaeng in Samut Prakarn Province, where the occasion is celebrated to the fullest and processions are exceptionally colorful and joyful. Songkran is celebrated not only in Thailand, but also in neighboring countries, such as Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia. Questions 1. What is the Songkran Festival? 2. When is it celebrated and how long does it last? 3. What does “SongKran” mean? 4. Why is the Songkran Festival celebrated? 5. Where is the Songkran Festival celebrated? Vocabulary 1. festival - เทศกาล 2. celebrate - เฉลิมฉลอง 3. Sanskrit - ภาษาสันสกฤต 4. solar year - ปทางสุริยะคต ิ 5. Aries - ราศีเมษ 6. procession - ริ้วขบวน 88 Language Focus: Asking for and Giving Information. ในการตั้งคําถามเกี่ยวกับประเพณีหรือเทศกาลตาง ๆ นั้น นักศกษาควรตึ ั้งคําถามประเภท Wh-question ลักษณะของคําถามอาจเปนดังน ี้ 1. What is the Songkran Festival? 2. Why is it important? 3. When is it celebrated? 4. How long does it last? 5. Where is it celebrated? Question Information What is the Songkran Festival? It is the tradition Thai New Year’s celebration. When is it celebrated? From April 13 to April 15. How long does it last? It lasts for 3 days – from April 13 to April 15. Where is it celebrated? In every province of Thailand. Why is it important? To mark the beginning of a new solar year. What is the significance of Songkran? It marks the beginning of a new solar year. 89 The Songkran Celebration The Songkran celebration begins early on the morning of April 13, when the public offers food to Buddhist monks. A customary practice during the festival is for people to release birds and fish. Thais believe that they will gain merit through such acts of kindness. Besides offering food to monks and releasing birds and fish, another essential part of Songkran is the bathing of Buddha images with scented water. On Songkran day younger relatives and friends will also gather at the houses of their respected elders and pour scented water into the hands of the elders as a sign of respect and veneration. The real fun starts after the water-pouring, as the young people begin splashing water on one another. The practice of building sand stupas at temples is another fascinating tradition. This practice originated in the Dhavaravati period (500-1000 A.D.). People bring in small amounts of sand to temples and build small stupas on the temple grounds. There are two reasons why people do this. Firstly, it is believed that each grain of sand represents atonement for a sin. Secondly, the sand will be piled up in the temple grounds later for use as a land fill or for mixing concrete when repairing the temple buildings. Therefore, it is interesting that something traditional has been turned into something functional as well. (Source: http://sunsite.au.ac.th) Questions 1. Why do some people release birds and fish on Songkran day? 2. Why do Thai people pour scented water into the hands of their elders? 3. Where do people build sand stupas and why? 4. When did the idea of building sand stupas originate? 90 Vocabulary 1. to offer food to monks - ใสบาตร, ถวายอาหารแดพระภกษิ ุสงฆ 2. to release birds and fish - ปลอยนกปลอยปลา 3. to bathe Buddha images - สรงน้ําพระพุทธรูป 4. to build sand stupas - กอเจดยี ทราย 5. to make merit - ทําบุญ 6. to gain merit - ไดบุญ 7. to accumulate merit - สะสมบุญ Language Focus: Noun derived from Verbs or Adjectives คํานามบางคําเกิดจากรากคํา (root) ของคํากริยา หรือ คําคุณศัพท โดยการคงรูปคําเดิม หรือเติม ปจจัย (suffixes) เพื่อเปลี่ยนชนิดของคํา ทั้งนี้ คํานามดังกลาวจะคงความหมายใกลเคียงกับรากคําเดิม เชน 1. respect (v.) - respect (n.) ความเคารพ 2. celebrate (v.) – celebration (n.) การเฉลิมฉลอง 3. kind (adj.) – kindness (n.) ความเมตตา Task Students talk with friends about their favorite festival focusing on activities at that time. 91 7.2 The Festival of the Tenth Lunar Month Tourist : I’m thinking of going down South to somewhere which is not too touristy What do you think about Nakhon Si Thammarat? Guide: It’s an interesting province, and you’ll like it because there are not many tourists there. Tourist: Besides the places discussed in some guide books, is there anything I should see while in the province? I mean, culturally? Guide: Yes, of course. Have you heard about the Festival of the Tenth Lunar Month? It’s a traditional merit-making occasion celebrated in the southern region, especially in Nakhon Si Thammarat. The people will make merit on the last three days of the waning moon in the tenth lunar month of the traditional Thai calendar. Tourist: Oh, yeah. Guide: This festival is a ten-day celebration, scheduled on certain days from mid-September to mid-October. Tourist: It sounds great. But what is the idea behind this celebration? Guide: Well, it’s a widely held belief in southern Thailand that during the fifteen nights of the waxing moon period in the tenth lunar month, the souls of the ancestors are permitted to visit their relatives. Tourist: I see. Guide: During this period, the living make merit for the dead. For example, various kinds of foods and sweets are offered to monks. Tourist: That’s very interesting. Vocabulary 1. traditional - แบบดั้งเดิม เปนประเพณ ี 2. merit-making - การทําบุญ 3. waning moon - ขางแรม 4. lunar month - เดือนตามจันทรคติ 5. the souls of the ancestors - วิญญาณของบรรพบุรุษ 6. living - คนที่มีชีวิตอย ู 92 Reading Religious festival at the tenth lunar month, Sart Duen Sib is one of essential Southern people festival, has continuously done since ancient time to present day. According to Buddhist belief that in the end of month tenth there are parent, grandparent and relatives whom passed away, especially sinners in hell called “Pred” are temporary permitted by the King of Hell to leave there, to reunion or meet their children or relative on the earth in Thai lunar calendar waning moon 15 evening, month 10 and return to hell in waning moon 15 evening, month 10. The tenth lunar month festival beyond make merit for passed away family, relatives or other, there is an essential part of the offering set, the 5 confections. These 5 confections are the symbolic of the tenth lunar month festival, each of it have its belief significations, besides these confections are proper provisions for monks through the rain season. - Khanom Pawng (ขนมพอง) or Pawng confection symbolizes the raft or float to cross the ocean between hell and earth. - Khanom La (ขนมลา) or La confection symbolizes clothes or costumes. - Khanom Dee Sam (ขนมดีซํา) or Dee Sam confection symbolizes money. - Khanom Bah ( ขนมบา) or Bah confection symbolizes Sa-ba, Thai recreation, for the deaths play in Songkhran day (Thai New Year). - Khanom Gong (ขนมกง) Gong confection symbolizes the ornaments. (Source: http://southernfolklore.blogspot.com) Vocabulary 1. relatives - ญาติพี่นอง 2. temporary - ชั่วคราว 3. passed away – ที่เสียชีวิต 4. offering set - ชุดของเซนไหว บูชา 5. provisions - เสบียงอาหาร 93 Questions 1. What is ‘Pred’? 2. When can ‘Pred’ meet their children or relative on the earth? 3. What is the significance of confections? Language Focus: Adjective Adjective คือ คําที่ใชบรรยายคุณภาพ หรือลักษณะของคํานาม มีวิธีใช คือ 1. วางไวหน านาม เชน Religious festival at the tenth lunar month There is an essential part of the offering set These confections are proper provisions for monks. 2. วางไวหล ัง Verb to be เชน The tenth lunar month is essential for Southern people. These confections are proper for monks through the rain season. Task Students give some information about the festivals to their friends in class based on wh-questions: what , where, when, why, etc. 94 7.3 Yi-Peng Festival In the Northern Thai provinces that were once part of the ancient Lanna Thai kingdom, the Yi-peng Northern Lantern Festival is still being celebrated. Tubular lanterns, resembling hot air balloons, are lit and released into the night sky as an offering the Lord Buddha.As hundreds of illuminated lanterns drift into infinity, this conjures the same sense of wistful closure as the krathong float down-stream. The lighting of fireworks is undertaken in the same spirit as when lighting candles in an act of worship so fireworks displays are very much an integral element of the secular and