Index Note: Page numbers in bold type refer to tables; those in italic refer to illustrations. Abies amabilis 155 Atlantic Uplands 254 A. balsamea 109, 155 Attawapiskat River 87 A. lasiocarpa 155 augers 27 Abitibi Greenstone Belt 31, 72, 167 Avalon Peninsula 269, 270, 277 gold concentrations 207 Avalon Zone 241,247, 255 gold deposits 201-224 ice flow 202 B-horizon 23, 46, 61, 112, 334 location 201 Babine belt 47, 54, 63, 145 ablation till 252, 325 background concentrations 61 abrasion, clasts 7 backhoe digging 29, 30, 219 Abukuma-type alteration 76 Baffin Island 85 Adams Lake 301,304, 307, 327, 328, 331 Baie des Chaleurs 241 Adams Plateau 325, 327, 331 Baie Verte 277, 280-283 aillikite 87, 90 Bakos deposit 128 alder, see Alnus crispa Baldy Batholith 303 alnoites 90 balsam fir, see Abies balsamea Alnus crispa 155 barite 75, 303, 317 alteration zones barium, in till 314 element concentrations 171 bark, biogeochemistry 156 indicator minerals 70 bark ash 152 uranium mineralization 226 Barriere 329 amoeboid dispersal trains 9, 272, 283, 330 basal till 47, 48 amphibole 79 characteristics 49 analytical methods 36-37 copper concentrations 52 anomaly evaluation 58-63 dispersal 51-54 anorthosite, boulders 241 gold in 61, 62 anthophyllite 75 massive sulphides 301 Antigonish Highlands 244 basal transport 7-9 antimony base metals association with gold 139 drilling for 31, 33 in dispersal trains 291-293 Labrador 267 in till 293, 313 lake sediments 128 apatite 85 Batchelor Lake 87 Appalachia, lake sediments 131 Batty Complex 88 Appalachian Ice Complex 240-241,249, 260, 269 Bay of Exploits 277 and Laurentide Ice Sheet 4, 5 Bay of Fundy 243, 244 Appalachian Orogen 237 beach deposits, kimberlite sampling 96 Aquarius deposit 71 Beaver River Till 251,252, 253, 254 argentite 303 clast geology 259 Arkhangelsk 96 dispersal 246 Arrow Lake 55 dispersal parameters 260 arsenic overprinting 255 association with gold 139 renewal distance 258 in lake sediments 140, 141,142 bed roughness, and dispersal trains 6 in soils 327, 332 bedrock, sculpted 54 in till 308, 311, 313 bedrock contacts, predicted 260, 261 arsenides 74 bedrock geology 61 arsenopyrite 217, 303 bedrock mapping 21 ashing 161 bedrock signature 184, 197 aspen, see Populus tremuloides bedrock slopes, and ice flow 6 Athabasca Basin bedrock sources 46 Landsat image 226 West Lawrencetown 242 location 225 bedrock surface 22 uranium deposits 225-235 Bell deposit 47, 63 Athabasca Group 225 copper concentrations 60 340 INDEX Bell Island mine 267 Cariboo Mountains 288, 290, 325 beryllium, Strange Lake 274 Casa Berardi 71 Betts Cove 267 case study methods 58, 327-333 biogeochemical exploration 151-164 cassiterite 74, 77 biogeochemical surveys 109, 114, 151-164 Central Mineral Belt, Labrador 274-276 analytical methods 161-162 Central Volcanic Belt, Newfoundland 272 contamination 159 CH property 54, 55 rules 159 chalcopyrite 74, 75, 77, 78, 219, 288, 308 sampling methods 155-156 Chaleur trough 243 tissue washing 160 Chapleau Moraine 168 biogeochemical and till data 162 Chedabucto Bay 243 black spruce, see Picea mariana 155 chemical weathering, forested areas 23 'blue' ground 89 Chignecto Phase 243-244, 254, 256 Bonaparte Plateau 325, 329 Chilcotin Group 61 boreal forest 155 Chilcotin Plateau 295 borrow pits 27 chlorite 226, 229 Botwood Group 277 chrome-diopside 90 boulder geochemistry 225-235 distribution 78 boulder pavements 251 Kirkland Lake 104 boulder sampling 227-228 chrome-pyrope illite content 227 Canadian Prairies 106 boulder tracing 57 Lac de Gras 105 boulder transport, glacial flow lines 8 chromite 73, 77, 78 box and whisker plots 170, 171, 184, 191, 192 high Cr-Mg 94 Bralorne Takla 288 Newfoundland 267 branches, element distribution 157 Thetford 295 Brett River Synform 174 zinc-bearing 79 Brigus deposit 267 chromium, in till 315 British Columbia Cordillera 47 chromium anomalies 13 Brook Till 241 Newfoundland 278 Brown Lake Formation 275 Chuchi Lake 290, 291,295 Bruce River Group 274, 275 Churchill Province 85 Buchans 267, 277 Chutanli Lake 13 I, 145 Buffalo Hills 88 Cigar Lake 225, 231 Burgeo 277 cinnabar 287, 288, 291,294, 295 Burin Peninsula 277 clast analysis 57 clast fabric analysis 270-271,280, 281-282 C-horizon 23, 25, 38, 61 clast uptake, Beaver River Till 252 Cache Creek Group 131 clasts, basal tills 48 Cache Creek Terrane 288 clay content, composite boulders 229 Cadillac, gold deposit 201 clinopyroxenite 79 Cadillac-Larder Lake fault 168 Clisbako Lake, gold 133, 137 calcite, replacement mineral 89 Cluff Lake 225 Caledonia Phase 241,251,254, 260 CM property 329 Canada, Surficial Materials Map 2, 3, 4 Coast Mountains 47, 288, 325 Canadian Cordillera 21, 45-68 Cobequid Highlands 241,251,252, 256 deposits 145 Cochrane Till 203 drift prospecting 323 cohesive flows 51 geochemical surveys 130, 297 colluvial fans 325 map 46 colluviated till 51, 63 till cover 54 comminution 7, 12, 257 Canadian Prairie composite boulder samples 227-228, 228 chrome-pyrope 106 analysis 228-230 regional surveys 107 Comstock claims 331-333 Canadian Shield concentration/distance relations 60 drainage 129 cones, biogeochemistry 159 glaciation 21 copper Candle Lake 85, 107 Bell deposit 60, 63 Cape Breton Channel 243 in colluvium 329 Cape Breton trough 243 Cordillera 145 Cape Chidley 270 in GIS 170 Capoose Batholith, gold 53 Hill-Tout Lake 133 Capoose Lake, base metals 131, 145 in humus 177, 181 carbonate-rich till 10 Nak prospect 54 INDEX 341 Newfoundland 267 in basal till 48 Old Fort Mountain 59 case studies 327 sample statistics 171 contacts 52 in soil 327 detection 61 in stream sediments 309 diffuse 283 in stream water 310 elongate 22, 46, 52 in till 312, 315 geochemical signatures 334 copper anomalies, surficial deposits 173 gold in 70, 71 copper concentrations, basal till 52 ice flow 11 copper and zinc anomalies 172 kimberlite in 83, 97, 109, 112, 113 correlation 189 length 333 and glacial dispersion 189-190 mercury in 291-293 in lake sediments 186 modelling 262 lithological signatures 185, 187, 188, 197 palimpsest 7, 20, 249 in soils 186, 194 Pinchi Lake 293-294 in surficial deposits 185 platinum group elements in 74 Coppermine River 130 shapes 9-12 Cordilleran Ice Sheet 325 Strange Lake 273, 284 coring 33, 34 surface expression 333 Comus stolonifera 111, 155 three-dimensional geometry 53 correlation analysis 140 and topography 54 Corylus cornuta 111, 155 see also specific forms Country Harbour 243 dissolved oxygen 127 Counts Lakes, molybdenum 135 distance/concentration plots 191, 192, 193 crag-and-tail landforms 6, 53, 273 Diversion Lake 277 Cree Lake deposit 231 Doctor's Point 153 creep 57 dogwood, red, see Cornus stohmifera Cross diatreme 85 dot maps, Swayze greenstone belt 175 Crowfoot Mountain 330 Douglas fir, see Pseudotsuga rnenziesii cryoturbation 26 drainage lakes 132-134 cumulative frequency plots 140 dravite 226, 229, 231,232, 233, 234 drift, carbonate-rich 9, 10 Daniels Harbour 267 drift prospecting 83, 239 data collection 55, 56 drill bits, contamination by 31 Davis Lake pluton 247 drill cores 33, 34, 35 debris flow deposits drilling, sampling from 31, 33 glacigenic 50 drilling methods 30 ice-marginal 51 drumlin tills 251-252 Newfoundland 282 drumlins 6, 53, 54 decoilement surfaces 7 Nova Scotia 239, 241,247 deformation till 6, 48 sections 250 density concentration 98 till transport 8 depositional environments 6 Dry Bones 85 depositional processes, ice sheet margins 2 Dumont sill 77 Destor-Porcupine fault 168, 201,217, 218 diamictons 48, 51,270, 280, 281 Eagle Bay, drift exploration 324 diamond Eagle Bay Assemblage 302, 303, 306, 325, 333 drilling for 31, 33 Eakin Creek property 329-330 exploration 83-123 East Kemptviile 127, 143, 237, 247 kimberlite indicator minerals 70, 90 East Milford Till 241 regional surveys 103-107 Eastern Shore 256 diamond indicator minerals 94 Eastmain deposit 126, 143 Diamond Lake 102, 108 eclogites 90 diatreme facies 88 Ekati diamond mine 85 Diavik prospect 85, 88 element analyses dickite 229 detection limits 307 digital elevation models 183 Newfoundland and Labrador 271 2.5 dimensional image maps 182, 183 rock samples 317 diopside 77 stream sediments 308 see also chrome-diopside element associations 37 dispersal curves 60 element concentrations dispersal fans 7, 249, 307, 328 background 61 dispersal profiles 20 Kirkland Lake 111 dispersal trains 6 Peddie kimberlite 110 342 INDEX element mobilization 20 Gaspereau Ice Centre 241 end member tills 7, 249-256, 262 geobotanical survey 111,112 end moraines, transport distances 8 geochemical analysis 36 Endako mine 132 gold exploration 207-209 Engelmann spruce, see Picea engelmannii quality control 58 englacial till 251 geochemical anomalies 20 englacial transport 9, 258 evaluation 45 enstatite 76, 85, 90 and mineralization 190-195 enzyme leach 111 geochemical criteria, massive sulphides 320 epidote, manganese 75 geochemical dispersion, lake basins 127 epithermal deposits 145 geochemical distributions, characterising 170-174 erosion, differential 5 geochemical exploration, Quaternary 1-17 erosional features 239 geochemical exploration model 318, 319 erosional processes, ice sheet margins 2 geochemical profiles 24, 27 erosional stratigraphy 239 geochemical sampling, for GIS 177 erratics trains 57, 252 geochemical surveys Escuminac Ice Centre 241 property scale 131-135 Escuminac Phase 241-243, 251,254 scales 21 esker sediments 73, 95 southern B.C. 305 exhalative mineralization 128 Swayze greenstone belt 168 Exploits River 277 geochemical variation, and partitioning 13 geographical information systems 141, 165-200 facies recognition