31 May 1988 Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 49(1): 159-168 (1988) ISSN 0814-1827 https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1988.49.10 FIRST RECORDS OF NOTOTODARUS HAWAIIENSIS (BERRY, 1912) (CEPHALOPODA: OMMASTREPHIDAE) FROM NORTHERN AUSTRALIA WITH A RECONSIDERATION OF THE IDENTITY OF N. SLOANI PHILIPPINENS1S VOSS, 1962 By Malcolm Dunning Maritime Estate Management Branch, Queensland National Parks and Wildlife Service, PO Box 190, North Quay, Qld 4002, Australia Abstract Dunning, M., 1988. First records of Notoiociarus hawaiiensis (Berry, 1912) (Cephalopoda: Om- mastrephidae) from northern Australia with a reconsideration of the identity of N. sloani philip- pinensis Voss, 1962. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 49: 159-168. Nototodarus hawaiiensis (Berry, 1912) is reported for the first time from northern Australian continental slope waters and distribution and life history are discussed. Re-examination of the holotype of N. sloani philippinensis Voss, 1962 confirms that this subspecies is a junior syno- nym of N. hawaiiensis and that the paratype is referrable to Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup, 1880. Introduction (1985) tentatively assigned to this species specimens Recent exploratory trawling for deep-water taken on jigs at a seamount off the coast of Chile. 1973 was crustaceans in north-western and north-eastern N. nipponicus Okutani and Uemura, Australian continental slope waters yielded signifi- described from jig-caught specimens from southern characterised cant numbers of a large ommastrephid squid, as- Honshu, Japan. N. nipponicus was very broad fin relative to man- signed to the genus Nototodarus Pfeffer, 1912 on by "rough" skin, a angle. In a recent paper, the basis of the simple foveola in the funnel groove, tle length and large fin considered N. nip- absence of light organs and hectocotylization of Okutani and Kuroiwa (1985) junior synonym of N. both ventral arms in males. Additional specimens ponicus to be a were identified from off the New South Wales coast philippinensis. identity of a fourth nominal species, N. in- in the collections of the Australian Museum, The from "Feejee Is- Sydney. signis (Gould, 1852), described lands; Antarctic Seas" remains to be clarified. Nototodarus Brief review of the distribution of Pfeffer (1912) erected the genus Nototodarus based species on a single male specimen assigned to Ommas- trephes insignis from the south-east coast of New Six nominal forms of the genus Nototodarus have However, Gould's type specimen was not been described from continental shelf and slope Zealand. by Pfeffer. It has not been redescribed waters of the Indo-Pacific region. examined and its present location is unknown. N. gouldi (McCoy, 1888) is the dominant squid Names of the two (or according to some authors, in continental shelf waters of southern Australia. C as 27 S three) forms of Nototodarus occurring in New Its known distribution extends as far north 25 Zealand waters are confused (Tung, 1977; off the east coast and at least as far as °S off Kawakami and Okutani, 1981; Smith et al., 1981). the west coast (Lu and Dunning, 1982). Berry descrip- The nomenclature currently is being reviewed (R.H. (1918) provided a detailed morphological Mattlin, pers. comm.), but the morphological tion of post-juvenile growth stages of this species. of the dominant forms and their dis- N. hawaiiensis (Berry, 1912) has been reported characteristics tributions are well defined (Smith, 1985). The form from the Hawaiian and Midway Islands (Berry, the predominating off the north-west coast of new 1912, 1914; Wormuth, 1976; Young, 1978), and Zealand is morphologically identical to the South China Sea (Dong, 1963). Its distribution southern Australian N. gouldi, with the form from throughout the island chains of the central Pacific east coast of New Zealand referred to as N. remains unclear although Okutani and Kuroiwa the 159 160 M. DKNNIM, sloarti (Gray, 1849) showing the characteristics Results and discussion clearly described and illustrated by (Mel lei (1912) Reconsideration of N. sloani phiiippinensis I for A', insignis (R.ll. Mattlin, |iers. comm.). 1962 A. stoani phiiippinensis Voss, 1962 has been I he structure of the hectocotylus has been shown recorded from slope waters around the Philippines to be of major taxonomic importance within the and Hong Kong (Voss, 1963; Voss and William- family Ommastrephidae and particularly within the son, 1971). Perera (1975) assigned squid specimens genus Nototodarus (Adam, I960; M.A. Roeleveld, taken by jig from off Sri Lanka to this subspecies. pets. comm.). However, both A. hawaiiensis and However the sessile arm and tentacular club suckers A. sloani phiiippinensis were originally described illustrated m figure 10, p. 58, are characteristic ol from female specimens. Wormuth (1976) described the subfamily Ommastrephinae rather than the hectocotylus of A. hawaiiensis, but the form Todarodinae casting doubt on the validity of this of the modification of the ventral arms of A. philip identification. pinensis has not been described in detail in the liter- ature. The general description given by Voss and Differences between S, gouldi and the form cur- Williamson (1971: 70) is nonspecific, viz. "the left iciitlv identified as .V. sloani are clearly presented arm is modified only basally by the enlargement by Smith et al. (1981, Fig. 2, p. 249) and'kawakami of the protective membrane supports. The right and Okutani (1981: 22-28, Fig. I). With the excep- arm is modified similarly basally but on the distal tion of the structure ol the bectocotylus, charac- half the suckers are modified into long papillae ters i hat separate N. hawaiiensis and N. gouidi were forming a comb-like structure." well described by Berry (1918: 242-243). However, Voss ( 1962) distinguished Nsloani phiiippinensis morphological differences between ,v hawaiiensis from A. hawaiiensis and V. gouldi (which he con- and N. sloartiphiiippinensis remain unclear. In light sidered as subspecies of A. sloani) on the basis of of our recent understanding of rnorphologii il the dentition of the arm and tentacular suckers. A. characters useful in separating species ol the genus sloani phiiippinensis differs from the form from Nototodarus (Smith d al., 1981; R.H. Mattlin, the cast coast ol Ww Zealand currently referred pers. comm.; M.A. Roeleveld. pels, comm.), the to as Nototodarus sloani (kawakami and Okutani, types of these nominal species were re-examined 1981; Smith ci al.. 1981; R.H. Mattlin, pers. tor the present studs. comm.) ( table 1 ). I hese ditlcrcn.es are sufficiently significant to recognize N. sloani and A. phiiip- pinensis as distinct species. Material examined Comparison of N. phiiippinensis with N. hawaiiensis Specimens from northern Australian waters exa- mined during this study were collected by the To clarify the morphological differences between CSIRO Research Vessel "Soela" and New Smith them, the holotype and paratype ol V phiiippinen- Wales Fisheries RV "Kapala" with demersal fish sis and the holotype and one additional specimen and deep-water lobster trawls, the commercial ol Y hawaiiensis described by Berry (1914) were trawlers IV "C'raigmm" and I V "lion Summer" re-examined (Table 2). with prawn trawls and from the Japanese RV In the holotypes of both species, approximately "Hoyo-maru" No. 81 using a hand held scoop net. 20 pairs of suckers are present on the right dor- ( solateral ollecting locations are shown in Figure 1 and de- arms. Sucker rings in both progress from tails presented in Appendix 1. being almost smooth in row one through the de- velopment o\ slightly raised low ridges on the dis- majority The of measurements and indices used tal half in row two to separate conical teeth in row in this study follow Wormuth (1976). Counts of three, a single much larger medial tooth being arm suckers were made using a binocular dissect flanked by three to four smaller teeth. Low ridges ing microscope and indices are expressed as a appear on row four which by row six are developed proportion of dorsal mantle length (ML) unless as low triangular rather than conical teeth. Largest otherwise specified. Interpretation of tentacular suckers are in rows seven and eight and possess 19 club structure agrees with that proposed by to 21 teeth in both specimens. From these rows dis- Roeleveld (1982) and the criteria described in Dun- tally, the proximal triangular tooth margins of the ning and Brandt (1985) were used to assess rings begin to degenerate and the distal conical teeth reproductive condition. become more equal in size. From row nine onward. NOTOTODARUS HAWAIIENSIS FROM NORTHERN AUSTRALIA 161 waters (triangles) and hawaiiensis (Berry, 1912) in northern Australian . localities of Nototodarus 1 Capture Ph.hpp.nes. Voss, 1962 (star) off the east coast of Luzon, of the type specimen of N. sloani philippinensis No differences between the holotypes are evident only the conical teeth on the distal margin remain the tentacular sucker dentition. Both have me- and curve more markedly inward. in dian manus sucker rings with 13 to 18 acutely Minute denticles interspersed among the distal triangular prox- even be- pointed inwardly curved teeth, teeth are rare and not consistently present imally and more conical on the distal margin with partners in an arm sucker row in the tween the These teeth the a single much larger tooth distalmost. holotype of N. hawaiiensis and do not occur in regularly alternate with low, wide curved plates in additional specimen examined (Berry No. 383; both specimens. Largest marginal manus suckers 214617). (An additional specimen, Berry USNM equal pointed teeth Nototodarus. in each specimen have 19 to 21 No. 248 (USNM 214632) is not a alternating with small sometimes sharp denticles. Although poorly preserved, knobs of the fixing ap- in the carpal region of the tenta- on both tentacles and evidence Sucker rings paratus are evident structure cles of both holotypes have an identical pockets in the funnel groove. These exists of side The sucker ar- Om- to those of the distal arm suckers.