RENAISSANCE Architecture –the 4 R’s of Renaissance Architecture . Rome – studied and tried to emulate Roman architecture . Rules – followed rules when planning and building . Reason – they developed based on theories based on science, math and engineering . ‘Rithmetic – used mathematical formulas to produce structures that had beauty and harmony Brunelleschi Brunelleschi, Pazzi Chapel, 1440-61 Interior of Pazzi Chapel Brunelleschi, Dome on the Florence Cathedral, 1419-1436 Dome from the outside Brunelleschi’s dome interior Palladio Palladio, Villa Rotonda, 1550-1556 Palladio, Villa Rotonda , front angle Architectural drawing of Villa Rotonda Masaccio Masaccio, Holy Trinity, 1425, fresco, 21 feet 9 inches X 9 feet 4 inches, Florence Masaccio, The Tribute Money, 1427, fresco, Florence Donatello Donatello, David, 1430-40, Bronze, 5ft 2 1/2 inches , Florence. Polykeitos, Doryphoros (Spear Bearer), 450-440 BC Andrea del Verrocchio Andrea del Verroccio, David, 1470, bronze, 49 inches, Florence Botticelli Botticelli, Birth of Venus, 1482, Tempera on Canvas, Florence Bottecelli, Primavera (Spring), 1481, Tempera on Wood, Florence. Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci, sketchbook page, c. 1510 Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, 1495, fresco, Milan. Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa, 1503-06, Michelangelo Michelangelo, Pieta, 1498-150, Marble, 5 feet 8 ½ inches, Rome Michelangelo Michelangelo, David, 1501-04, Marble, 13 feet 5 inches , Florence Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel Ceiling, 1508-12, Fresco, Rome. Michelangelo, Creation of Adam (Sistine Chapel), 1508-12, Fresco, Rome Raphael Raphael, School of Athens, 1510-11, Fresco, Rome Northern Renaissance . These artists did not look to Classical Greek and Roman for inspiration, rather they looked to nature and representing it realistically . Their themes focused on religion and everyday scenes that included the everyday citizens, not only the rich and influential . Often used oil (easier to blend since the paint dried slower) Jan Van Eyck Jan Van Eyck, Arnolfini Wedding, 1434, Oil on Wood, London Hieronymous Bosch Bosch, Garden of Earthly Delights, 1500, Oil on Wood, Madrid German Renaissance . Although the Germans lagged behind for a period of time, eventually they caught up to the rest of Europe in the Renaissance . Particularly known for their contributions to printmaking Albrecht Dürer Albrecht Dürer, Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, 1497-98, Woodcut, New York. Albrecht Dürer, Melencolia, 1514, Engraving Mannerism . Artists of the time abandoned the representation of realism rooted in nature . They exaggerated features and tried to represent instability rather than perfection . Figures twist oddly and bodies are distorted (usually elongated) Parmigianino Parmigianino, Madonna With the Long Neck, 1535, Oil on Panel, Florence. Giambologna Giambologna, Mercury, 1576, Bronze, 24 1/8 inches , Florence Spanish Renaissance . Sometimes argued that the Spanish Renaissance could be more Mannerist . Country was in the grips of a religious struggle (Inquisition was happening) El Greco El Greco, Resurrection of Christ, 1597-1610, Oil on Canvas, Madrid .