BIBLIOTECA NAÞIONALÃ A REPUBLICII MOLDOVA IMAGINEA REPUBLICII MOLDOVA }N STR+IN+TATE Anuar Nr. 1, 2002 Chiºinãu • 2002 STRÃINÃTATE ÎN MOLDOVA REPUBLICII IMAGINEA 1 2 CZU: 908 (478) I 55 Director general: Alexe R=u Elaborare: Larisa Bulat Aliona Tostogan Tania V`lcu Coperta: Drago[ Popa Miu IMAGINEA REPUBLICII MOLDOVA ÎN STRÃINÃTATE ÎN MOLDOVA REPUBLICII IMAGINEA Lectori: Valentina G=lu[c= Jana Jelamschi Imaginea Republicii Moldova ]n str=in=tate: Anuar, nr. 1, 2002 / Biblioteca Na\ional= a Republicii Moldova; elab. de Larisa Bulat, Aliona Tostogan, Tania V`lcu; lectori: Valentina G=lu[c=, Jana Jelamschi . Chi[in=u: BNRM, 2002 (Imprimeria BNRM). 74 p.; cm; ex. © Biblioteca Naþionalã 2002 ISBN: 975-9992-3-9 BIBLIOTECA NA|IONAL+ {I IMAGINEA |+RII C`nd ctitorea Biblioteca Regal= a care, ]n fond, hot=r=sc orientarea politicii ran\ei, regele rancisc ]nt`iul punea ca prim= globale, c=r\ile editate la Chi[in=u care ne sarcin= ]n fa\a acestei biblioteci na\ionale reprezint= cel mai bine ca identitate cultural=. ocrotirea limbii franceze. Iar limba, vorba lui O etap= cu totul deosebit= ]n ceea ce Alecsandri, este testimoniul de noble\e a unui prive[te contribu\ia bibliotecii noastre la popor, adic=, ]n fond, este prima [i cea mai formarea imaginii Moldovei a ]nceput o dat= important= formatoare a imaginii specifice a cu reforma difuz=rii culturale. Expozi\iile - \=rii. Bibliotecile na\ionale au avut [i au, ]n eveniment, desf=[urate lunar, preg=tite dup= majoritatea lor, [i sarcina de a contribui la metode [i tehnologii europene, organizate, de formarea imaginii \=rii a c=rei institu\ie central= obicei, ]n colaborare cu ambasadele acreditate este. A[a au fost multe biblioteci din la Chi[in=u, au ]nviorat mult interesul str=inilor antichitate, a[a sunt [i na\ionalele moderne [i fa\= de noi, ecouri despre aceste evenimente contemporane. Aspectul acesta ]ncepe s= se fiind transmise de ambasadele respective ]n ]nte\easc= ]n veacul na\iunilor [i devine o analizele adresate guvernelor acestor \=ri. }n func\ie normativ= stipulat= ]n standardul \=rile cu ambasadele c=rora am organizat UNESCO referitor la organizarea [i ac\iuni culturale comune (ran\a, India, China, func\ionarea acestui tip de institu\ii. Polonia, Rom`nia, Rusia, Ucraina, S.U.A., Odat= cu ]nceperea, ]n 1992, a reformei Italia [.a.) au ap=rut informa\ii [i articole ]n sale principiale, Biblioteca Na\ional= a pres=. Republicii Moldova ]ncepe s= contribuie tot La formarea imaginii \=rii contribuie [i mai mult la formarea imaginii \=rii noastre ]n digestul Cronica vie\ii politico-administrative, fa\a str=inilor. Diverse sunt modalit=\ile de social-economice [i culturale a Moldovei, care atingere a acestui scop. Memorabil= a fost, se bucur= de audien\= din partea corpului de exemplu, ac\iunea din 1992, c`nd diplomatic str=in. biblioteca noastr= a preg=tit c`te un set de Anuarul Imaginea Republicii Moldova materiale despre adev=rul evenimentelor din ]n str=in=tate, primul num=r al c=ruia ]l Transnistria [i le-a expediat ]n adresa tuturor lans=m acum, se arat= a fi, de pe acum una bibliotecilor na\ionale membre ale ILA. din formele cele mai atractive [i mai eficiente Este deosebit de eficient, ]n acest sens, de configurare [i popularizare a imaginii schimbul interna\ional de publica\ii. }n penuria noastre. de mijloace financiare, noi ne str=duim totu[i elicit=ri grupului de crea\ie, care l-a s= trimitem bibliotecilor na\ionale din \=rile elaborat [i drum bun ! Alexe R=u IMAGINEA REPUBLICII MOLDOVA ÎN STRÃINÃTATE ÎN MOLDOVA REPUBLICII IMAGINEA 3 IMAGINEA REPUBLICII MOLDOVA ÎN STRÃINÃTATE 4 REPUBLICA MOLDOVA }N ENCICLOPEDII {I DIC|IONARE Enciclopediile [i dic\ionarele din Chi[in=u, B=l\i (Beltsy), and Tiraspol, and str=in=tate sunt izvoarele ce creaz= imaginea there is a hydroelectric station at Dub=sari Republicii Moldova. De exemplu, The New (Dubossary) on the Dniester Rives. Encyclopedia Britannica public= date succinte Agriculture has been highly mechanized, despre Republica Moldova proasp=t declarat= virtually all agricultural jobs being carried independent=. Aceast= enciclopedie public= out by machines. Most agriculture is devoted sumar informa\ii despre spa\iul pruto- to viticulture, fruit and vegetable growing, nistrean. Cit=m din original: and other specialized farming. Sunflower seed Moldova, officially REPUBLIC O is the most important industrial crop; grains MOLDOVA. Romanian Republica Moldova are winter wheat and corn (maize). Dairying formerly (1940-1991) Moldavia, or Moldavian and cattle breeding account for about a third Soviet Socialist Republic, country in the north- of the agricultural output, followed by pig eastern Balkans. It is surrounded by Ukraine farming. Chi[in=u is the largest industrial (Kishinyov). Area 13.000 square miles (33.700 centre of Moldova. It is also an important square km). Pop. (1992 est.) 4.394.000 railway and motor transport centre. Physical and human geography. The majority of the people of Moldova Moldova lies south of the Carpathian are ethnic Romanians, and the native language Mountains, mostly on deep sedimentary rocks of Moldova is Romanian. In the so-called covering the southwestern portion of the Transdniester region, east of the Dniester Russian Platform. The climate is warm and River, however, there are large numbers of moderately continental, with a comparatively Russians and Ukrainians (Who rebelled against mild winter. A well-developed network of Moldovan authority in 1992). A national rivers the largest being the Dniester law passed in 1989 requires use of the Latin drains southward into the Black Sea. Soils alphabet and the Romanian language. are rich; fertile chernozems cover three-quarters A one-chamber Parliament, elected for of the republic. Northern and central part of a four-year period, is the highest organ of Moldova is a forest zone, while a steppe state power, and it elects a Council of belt, mostly cultivated, crosses the south. Ministers, or cabinet. Wildlife includes wild pig, roe deer, hare, Illiteracy has been eradicated during wolf, fox, badger, wildcat, ermine, muskrat, the 20 th century, and a general 10-year and polecat. education scheme was established in 1976. The economy of Moldovais headed by Most of those who finish general education industry, chiefly food processing, with making, continue their education at a higher level. machin-ery manufacturing and metalworking, There are a number of institutions of higher electrical power engineering, consumer goods, education in Moldova, a score of scientific and building material industries being institutions, and many research centers. All developed. The food industriez embraces wine medical care is free. canning, sugar refining, and oilseed pressing. History. The area of Moldova (or, Machine building, established in the mid- historically speaking, Bessarabia) was ceded 1950s, is important. Tractors made in Moldova to Russia by the Ottoman Turks in 1812. In are supplied to neighbouring countries. 1918 most of the land was seized by Romania, Thermal-electric power plants are located in but this seizure was contested by the emerging STRÃINÃTATE ÎN MOLDOVA REPUBLICII IMAGINEA 5 6 Soviet government; and in 1924 the Soviet MOLDOVA, Republic of, a country in Union established the Moldavian Autonomous eastern Europe, formerly in the Soviet Union Soviet Socialist Republic a small strip of and now known as Republica Moldova. It is land on the left bank of the Dniester, Within entirely landlocked, being surrounded on three Ucraine. The signing of the German-Soviet sides by Ukraine and on the fourth by Nonaggression Pact (1939) brought about Romania. Land and Natural Resources. Soviet demands for the return of territory. Moldova has an undulating, irregular, well- Romania complied, and the Moldavian S.S.R. drained terrain, about 75 % of which is was created in August 1940 consisting of the covered with fertile, black soil. There are formerRomanian and Ukrainian region. four principal geographic regions: the Moldovan Between 1941 and 1944 Bessarabia again Plain (Beltsy Steppe) in the north, where became part of Romania, but in 1944 Soviet elevations range from 500 to 650 feet (152- troops retook the territory. In August 1991 198 meters); the central uplands, a heavily Moldavia declared independence from the forested zone at 1,100 to 1,300 feet (335- IMAGINEA REPUBLICII MOLDOVA ÎN STRÃINÃTATE ÎN MOLDOVA REPUBLICII IMAGINEA Soviet Union, adopting the Romanian spelling 396 meters); the very flat Bugeac Steppe Moldova. See also Moldavia (principality). (Budzhak Plain) in the south from near sea level to 300 feet (91 meters); and the left (Articol publicat în The New Encyclopedia bank of the Dniester (Nistru) River, which is Britannica: vol. 8 Chicago, 1993. P. 230). part of the Volnia-Podolsk Plateau. There are numerous rivers and streams, but except for the boundary Prut and Dniester rivers, they are of modest size. The region has a moderate continental climate with average annual temperatures ranging from 50º (10º C) in the south to 46º (8º C) in the north. Annual rainfall is 18 to 22 inches (46-56 cm), except for the Bugeac, where it often falls below 12 inches (30 cm); there is considerably more rain in some years than in others. The principal natural resources of Moldova are agricultural products: grain, tobacco, and sugar beets in the north and part of the central uplands: orchards, vineyards, and sunflowers in the center and south; and livestock and vegetables in most areas. People. Nearly two-thirds of the Moldova population is Romanian, with Ukrainians and Russians the dominant }n paginile 321-322, articolul editat minorities. The population density is 335 ]n The encyclopedia Americana persons per square mile, which is high gor a International edition: Vol. 19 / complete relatively unurbanized (less than 50 %) area. in thirty volumes first published in 1829. Life expectancy at birth is 68,5 years.