PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH STYLES USED BY DESMOND DOSS IN HACKSAW RIDGE MOVIE A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By Agatha Greis Vita Suroso Student Number: 141214144 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH STYLES USED BY DESMOND DOSS IN HACKSAW RIDGE MOVIE A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By Agatha Greis Vita Suroso Student Number: 141214144 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DEDICATION PAGE This thesis is dedicated to: My beloved father, Bernadus Suroso My support system, my mother, Oktafiana My dearest sister and brothers, Agnesdea Meity Suroso, Alberth Paulino Suroso, and Arsenius Reinhart Suroso My fabulous best friends, young money group, Hani, Dian, Shella, Al, Danar, Herman, and Rio My lovely best friends, Ina and Jason iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT Suroso, Agatha Greis Vita. (2018). An Analysis of Speech Styles Used by Desmond Doss in Hacksaw Ridge Movie. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University. This research analyzed Desmond Doss’ speech style in the movie entitled Hacksaw Ridge. This movie was chosen because of two reasons. First, this movie provides some aspects and issues regarding speech style. Second, Desmond Doss, the main character, starred by Andrew Garfield has a variety of speech styles that is worth researching in relation to language studies. Hacksaw Ridge movie provides the examples of speech styles that are uttered by Desmond Doss. There were two formulated questions in this research: 1) What are the speech styles used by Desmond Doss in Hakcsaw Ridge movie? 2) Why does Desmond Doss use these speech styles based on Joos’ theory? In order to answer these two research questions, the researcher applied Joos’ theory (1976) as the main theory that was used to analyze the data and it was supported by Holmes (2013) on register, style, social factors and social dimensions that affect language choice. This research was a qualitative research in which the researcher used a critical discourse analysis to analyze the speech styles. The researcher was the human instrument who was involved significantly in collecting the data. Based on the research results, the researcher discovered four speech styles used by Desmond Doss. Those styles were formal (2.094%), consultative (26.701%), casual (49.215%), and intimate (21.990%). On the other hand, the researcher did not find the frozen speech style in Desmond’s utterances. The researcher concluded that Desmond did not use frozen style in his utterances because of the influence of social factors such as the participant, the setting, the topic, and the function of the conversation. Keywords: Desmond Doss’ utterances, speech style, Hacksaw Ridge movie vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK Suroso, Agatha Greis Vita. (2018). An Analysis of Speech Styles Used by Desmond Doss in Hacksaw Ridge Movie. Yogyakarta: Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Penelitian ini menganalisis gaya bicara Desmond Doss dalam film berjudul Hacksaw Ridge. Film ini dipilih karena dua alasan. Pertama, film ini memaparkan aspek-aspek dan isu yang berhubungan dengan gaya bicara. Kedua, tokoh utama film ini, Desmond Doss, yang diperankan oleh Andrew Garfield memiliki berbagai gaya bicara yang membuat peneliti tertarik untuk mengkajinya. Film Hacksaw Ridge menyediakan beberapa contoh gaya bicara yang diucapkan oleh Desmond Doss. Terdapat dua masalah di dalam penelitian ini: 1) Gaya bicara apa saja yang digunakan oleh Desmond Doss dalam film Hakcsaw Ridge? 2) Mengapa Desmond Doss menggunakan gaya bicara tersebut berdasarkan pada teori Joos? Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, peneliti menerapkan teori Joss (1976) sebagai teori utama untuk menganalisis data dan didukung dengan teori Holmes (2013) tentang register, gaya, faktor sosial dan dimensi sosial yang memengaruhi pemilihan bahasa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif di mana peneliti menggunakan analisis wacana kritis dalam melakukan penelitian ini. Peneliti berperan sebagai “human instrument” yang terlibat secara signifikan untuk mengumpulkan data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peneliti menemukan empat gaya bicara yang digunakan oleh Desmond Doss. Gaya bicara tersebut adalah formal (2.094%), consultative (26.701%), casual (49.215%), dan intimate (21.990%). Di sisi lain, peneliti tidak menemukan gaya bicara frozen di dalam ucapan Desmond Doss. Peneliti menyimpulkan Desmond Doss tidak menggunakan gaya bicara frozen di dalam ucapannya karena pengaruhi faktor sosial yaitu lawan bicara, keadaan, topik, dan fungsi dari percakapan. Kata Kunci: Desmond Doss’ utterances, speech style, Hacksaw Ridge movie viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my greatest gratitude to the Almighty God for His blessing so that I can finish this thesis successfully. I present this thesis for all my beloved lecturers, family and friends, who helped me through this wonderful journey. Secondly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my thesis advisor Laurentia Sumarni S.Pd., M.Trans.St., who has become a great teacher and supporter as I struggle with obstacles in the process of finishing this thesis. I really appreciate her immense knowledge, her advice, time, and patience that become great help in completing this thesis. I would also like to give my gratitude to all ELESP lecturers for their excellent skills and knowledge that I have learned during my study. Last but not least, I send my gratitude to my beloved family and friends who always give me love and continuous support even when I faced difficulties in finishing my thesis. I am so grateful for having a chance to meet inspiring and wonderful people. I might have never finished my thesis without them. I thank them once again for their support and love in the completion of my thesis. Agatha Greis Vita Suroso ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................. i APPROVAL PAGES ...................................................................................... ii DEDICATION PAGE ..................................................................................... iv STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ............................................... v PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ................................................ vi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... vii ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................ ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Research Background ..................................................................... 1 B. Research Questions ........................................................................ 3 C. Research Significance ..................................................................... 3 D. Definition of Terms ........................................................................ 4 CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Theoretical Description .................................................................. 6 1. Definition of Style ..................................................................... 6 2. Register ...................................................................................... 7 3. Speech Styles ............................................................................. 9 a. Frozen Style .......................................................................... 9 b. Formal Style .......................................................................... 10 c. Consultative Style ................................................................. 10 d. Casual Style ........................................................................... 11 e. Intimate Style ........................................................................ 12 4. The functions of Speech ............................................................ 12 5. Context of Language Use .......................................................... 13 B. Theoretical Framework ................................................................... 15 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Research Method ...........................................................................