General Index Italic page numbers indicate that the topic appears in an illustration works as cited in this volume may be found in the Bibliographical or in its caption on the cited page. Authors are listed in this index Index. only when their ideas or works are discussed; full listings of authors' Abacal maize tablets (yupanas), 291, 291 of Moche art, 278 Marshallese navigators, 485 n.165, 293, 297 of native North American maps, 56, 137, Marshallese stick charts, 482, 484 Abalone, 110 178 Ngati Pikiao land-claim map, 528 Abbadie, Antoine d', 28, 29 by Bad Heart Bull, 120, 176 by Rakiraki, 520 Abdulrahamani, King, 40 on birchbark, 79-80 rebbelib stick chart, 480-82 Abenaki Indians, 136 van den Bosh map, 97 by Ropoama te One, 525 and map of Maine coastline, 90, 91 Chickasaw map, 100, 101 by Te Huruhuru, 518 and map of Rangeley Lakes region, 86 coastlines on Inuit and Subarctic maps, by Tuki, 508 and message maps, 84 165-66 by Tupaia, 446, 449-50 Abip (hamlets), 430 compiled for Inuit Land Use and Occu- by Yarapat, 436, 437 Aborigines, Australian. See Australia, Abo­ pancy Project, 170 of South American and Caribbean maps, rigines by Erk-sin'-ra, 157 317, 321, 325 Absaroka Range, 132 by Hearne, 146 n.291 of Tupaia's navigation, 449 Abstract designs by Howling Wolf, 118, 119 Achernar, 306 Andean, 294 Iglulik maps of Melville Peninsula coast- Achuar culture, 303 on Map Rock petroglyph, 62, 64 line, 157 Ackentjaekon, 75, 76 in Mesoamerican mapping, 183, 193, 198 by Inuit, 155, 156, 159 Ac ko mok ki (the Feathers, the younger Acalan, 228 Kangarjuatjiarmiut coastline map, 157 Old Swan), 132, 132 nn.251, 253, Acalhuacan (Place of Those Who Have made for Dickinson, 129 133 Canoes), 221 made for James, 129 Acktis Island, 112, 113, 180 Acatl (Reed) (year sign), 203, 232 made for La Salle, 95 Acolhuas, 205 n.66, 207 Accounting, 290 by Meatonabee and Idotlyazee, 146 and Codex Xolotl, 207, 218, 248-49, Acculturation, stages of, 172-74, 175 n.291 539-40 Accuracy Montagnais map, 136 hill pictograph, 200 of accounts of Inka mapping, 284-85 by Non-Chi-Ning-Ga, 177-78 Acosta, Jose de, 258 n.8 of African maps, 36, 43, 47 of St. Lawrence, Connecticut, Hudson, Acrylic of Australian Aboriginal maps, 394, 401 and Susquehanna Rivers, 77, 77 Australian Aboriginal maps in, 405, 405 of Australian Aboriginal paintings, 364, n.81 n.49 380 de Soto expedition map, 95 Australian Aboriginal paintings in, 359, of captions to Howling Wolf's ledger art, of Susquehanna River, 77 362, 379, 382 118 by Toolemak, 157 Active (ship), 501 of Chimu surveying instruments, 284 of Victoria Island coastline, 157 Adler, Bruno F., 339 n.34 of Cook's determination of distance Wahpekute map of upper Mississippi on African mapmaking, 24 between earth and sun, 446 Valley, 129 "Karty pervobytnykh narodov" (Maps of of Eurasian Arctic and Subarctic maps, by Wetalltok, 165 primitive peoples), 330 n.8 339 n.34 by Windigo, 151 and maps brought back by Weule, 37 of Garcilaso's writings, 285 of Oceanic nautical cartography and navi­ and North American mapmaking, 55 of Goodenough's diagram of Carolinian gation, 460-61 and South American mapmaking, 257, star compass, 464 of Pacific Basin maps 258 of map of Cuzco Valley, 285 by Cantova, 453, 454 and traditional cartography, 8 of Mau's navigation, 474 by E Mare, 503 Admiralty, British, 157, 158 of Mesoamerican maps by Hone Tiihawaiki, 514, 516, 517 Aduno kine (life of the world) sign, 26 boundary map from Codex Xolotl, 208 by Klein, 452 Aerial views, 363 n.41 of Cuauhtinchan, 205, 207 by Kotzebue, 453-54, 457 Afek, 427 in Primeros memoriales, 225, 227 Maori map made for Halswell, 494 n.7 Africa, 13-48 of Milligan's study of Tuki's map, 508 Maori map of Chatham Islands, 510 Austronesian traders and, 421 n.67 Maori map of Lake Rotokakahi, 512 dearth of studies of mapmaking, 24 579 580 General Index European influence on mapmaking, Alaska Commercial Company, 166 in basin of, 301 33-37, 41-48 Albany, New York, 74-77 on Mapa de la Provincia de los Aruacas, influence on European mapmaking, Albatross, 490, 492 323 38-41 Aldan River, 343 serpentine imagery for, 316, 324 intertropical Aldebaran, 465 Amazon women, 324 cosmographic maps from, 25-30 Algie Indians, 52 Amdrup expedition, 167 indigenous mapmaking, 24-48 Algonquian Indians American Geographical Society Collection, solicited maps from, 33-37 contact with Europeans, 66-67 University of Wisconsin-Milwau­ maps of cosmographic map by, 52, 69, 70, 175, kee, 56, 56 n.27 by Bello, 34-35 181 n.367 American Museum of Natural History, by Erhardt, 41 and design biting, 142 New York, 160, 160 n.321, 161, reference maps, 13, 25, 38 language, 99 n.165, 135 491 rock art, 26 map of James River, 68, 68 n.64 Amerindians. See Indians southern and Percy's map, 69-70, 72 Amharic, 28 agriculturalist rock engravings in, 17-23 Powhatan's maps, 69-70 Amma (god), 26, 27 cartographic content of rock art in, and Velasco map, 70 n.76 Ammarell, Gene, 488, 488 n.116 13-23 Algonquin Indians, 69, 70 n.76, 89 Ammassalik Eskimos, 167-68, 169, 176 hunter-gatherer rock art in, 14-17 Alignment, burial, 497,497 n.22 Ammassalik (Angmagssalik) fjord, 168 rock art distribution, 18 Alkire, William H., 463, 464, 465, 466, Amnya River, 343, 346 use of circle in cartography, 539 467,470 n.74 Amoltepec, 196, 210, 214, 240-41, Afterlife Allallinga, 407 242-43, 248-49 Eurasian Arctic and Subarctic labyrinth Allegheny Mountains, 70, 72 Amphibians, 288 signs and, 331 Allegheny River, 70, 72, 88 Amu (mountain sheep, three stars of Kaata rites, 299 Alliance belts. See Wampum, belts Orion), 112 Agades, 36-37 Alligators, 305 Amulets, 269-70, 299 Agassiz, Alexander, 490, 492 Almanacs, 229-32 building models found at Tiwanaku used Aghil,40 Almudj,357 as, 282 Agriculturalists, African, 17-23 Alphabets drawn by Guaman Poma, 287, 288 Agriculture, 172-73 Inka lack of, 258 n.8 Moche models as, 279 in AItiJ cosmology, 318 Latin, 199 Amur River, 339, 345 Andean, 257 and Mesoamerican mapping, 183,240, Amur River peoples, 171 Bennett Stela and, 281, 282 242-44 Ana'a Atoll, 460 and boundaries in San Andres de of Atlatlahuacan, Morelos, 242, 243 Anacondas Machaca, 262, 263 Don Miguel Damian's property map, Amazon River basin as, 316 figura mitol6gica and, 277 226 celestial, 304, 308, 311, 320 khipus and, 291 Humboldt Fragment 2, 222 in Tukano origin myth, 309 Paracas polychrome mantle and, 273 Lienzo of Petlacala, 246, 247 Anadyr River, 341 n.45 on Qheswa pallay, 267 Lienzo of Zacatepec 2, 213 Ancestors in rock art, 271 Mapa de Santa Cruz, 244 Andean imagery regarding, 299 Maori, 493 Plano en papel de maguey, 187 petroglyphs, 309 Mesoamerican, 221, 237 of Tetliztaca, 246 Ancestral Connections (Howard Morphy), Plano en papel de maguey, 184, 186-87, of Zolipa, Veracruz, 243 371 196, 224, 252-53 on map of Barnum, 43 n.82 Anchorages, 514, 531 n.125, 533, 534 in Warao cosmology, 313 Maya, 209, 210 Andersen, Johannes Carl, 494, 521, 521 Agumoimbange, 429 mbima,42 n.102 Ahagger Mountains. See Hoggar mfemfe, pl.3 Anderson, Atholl, 514 n.86, 518 n.92 Mountains a Centauri, 276, 277 Anderson, Jimmy, 146, 148 Ahgwaanga, 407 Altair Andes Mountains Ahuriri River, 521 and Arab star compass, 488 body-landscape metaphors, 278 Ai (distance marker), 480, 482 and Carolinian navigation, 464, 465, cartography, 257-300 Aikon Aushabuc, 52, 68-69 474, 475, 488, 489 in archaeological record, 271-84 Ailinglapalap Island, 480, 482, 484 and etak, 471 Moche ceramics, 278-79, 280 Ailingnae Island, 484 and Hawaiian navigation gourd, 486-87 Nazca lines and Nasca ceramics, Ainus, 338-39 Altamaha River, 118, 119 275-78 AItI}, 318 Altars, 288 Old Temple at Chavin de Huantar, Aitona (edge of the universe), 313 Altepetl (autonomous community- 271-73 Aitutaki, 475 n.81 kingdoms), 204, 205, 207 Paracas textiles and artifacts, 273-74, Aivilingmiuts, 160-65, 179, 180 Alvarado, Francisco de, 187, 187 n.12 275 Ajusco, 220 n.101 Amaru, 317 Tiwaniku, 279-84 Akapana, 280, 280 n.104 Amate paper. See Amatl paper conceptions of space and geographic Akimichi, Tomoya, 463, 464 Amatl paper, 187, 196, 218, 222, 224, relations, 258-70 Aksum, 28-30 248-49, 250-51, 252-53, 254-55, ayllu (linking territory to society), Alaa, 280, 281 pl.9 260-62 Alabama Indians, 101, 102, 103, 177, 178 Amazonia, 305, 309,315 landscape metaphors, 268-69 Alabama River, 103 Amazon River, 257, 280, 317 mapping rites and ephemeral maps, Alarcon, Hernando de, 108, 172, 177 destruction of native society and tradition 269-70 General Index 581 radial and parallel structure, 262-65, in Eurasian Arctic and Subarctic rock art, Apelech ceremonial group, 377, 377 n.84, 266 331 378 role of sacred huacas and parajes, Mesoamerican maps on skins of, 194, Apinaye, 311 265-68, 269 195-96, 248-49, 252-53 Apoala Valley, 215-18 Ink~ 284-9~ 298-99 Mesoamerican sacrifice of, 232 Apostles, 337 ceque system, 285-88, 289 migration of, 135 Appalachian Mountains, 68, 98-99, 106 khipus, 289-94 in native North American cosmography, Aprons, 333 in native manuscripts, 294-97, 139 Aqoldi (Asosa), 47 298-99 on native North American maps, 73, 179 Arabs, 488, 489 road system, 288-89, 290 cartographic pictographs, 79, 80, 81 Arahura River, 523, 524 rock art, 270-71 late twentieth-century Inuit art, 169 Arapaho Indians, 118, 132 ceramics and textiles as maps in, 10 Map Rock petroglyph, 65 Arawaks, 301 cosmography message maps, 84 and "Bericht" of Jeptha, 322-23 Bennett Stela and, 281-82 Purgatoire River petroglyph, 66 defined, 303 n.4 Nasca, 276, 277 by Teseuke, 162, 164 and landmarks, 303 Taypikala and, 279-80 native North American maps on skins of, and Mapa de la Provincias de los Arua­ Tello Obelisk and, 272-73 51, 5~ 90-94, 114, 135-3~ 14~ cas, 323-24, 325 cosmology, 274, 275 141, pl.6 and provision of information to coverage of, 8 n.35 in Pacific Basin cosmography, 440 Europeans, 302 n.2 cultural chronology, 259 political boundaries stylized as on Euro­ Wakuenai cosmology, 316-17 maps of pean maps, 285 n.130 Archaeoastronomy, 181-82 Chuwa Chuwa, 263 in South American and Caribbean Archaeology, 55, 271-84 Cuzco Valley, 285 constellations, 304-5 Archipelago, defined, 260 n.12 generated from Huarochiri Manuscript, on South American and Caribbean maps, Architecture.