Sierra Leone y http://www.countrywatch.com Acknowledgements There are several people without whom the creation of this year's edition of the CountryWatch Country Reviews could not have been Contributors accomplished. Robert Kelly, the Founder and Chairman of CountryWatch envisioned the original idea of CountryWatch Robert C. Kelly Country Reviews as a concise and meaningful source of Founder and Chairman country-specific information, containing fundamental demographic, socio-cultural, political, economic, investment and environmental Denise Youngblood-Coleman Ph. D. information, in a consistent format. Special thanks must be Executive Vice President and conveyed to Robert Baldwin, the Co-Chairman of CountryWatch, Editor-in-Chief who championed the idea of intensified contributions by regional specialists in building meaningful content. Today, the CountryWatch Mary Ann Azevedo M. A. Country Reviews simply would not exist without the research and Managing Editor writing done by the current Editorial Department at CountryWatch. The team is responsible for hundreds of thousands of pages of Julie Zhu current information on the recognized countries of the world. This Economics Editor Herculean task could not have been accomplished without the unique talents of Mary Ann Azevedo, Julie Zhu, Ryan Jennings, Ryan Jennings Cristy Kelly, Ryan Holliway, Anne Marie Surnson and Michelle Economics Analysts Hughes within the Editorial Department. These individuals faithfully expend long hours of work, incredible diligence and the highest Ryan Holliway degree of dedication in their efforts. For these reasons, they have my Researcher and Writer utmost gratitude and unflagging respect.A word of thanks must also be extended to colleagues in the academic world with whom Cristy Kelly specialized global knowledge has been shared and whose Research Analyst contributions to CountryWatch are enduring. Accordingly, I am indebted to Stanton Doyle, the former co-Editor of CountryWatch, Anne Marie Surnson Richard Marcus, the Director of the International Studies Program at News Wire Manager California State University and former Africa Editor for CountryWatch, Brigette Allen former Latin America Editor for Michelle Hughes CountryWatch, and Christina Surowiec, former Regional Editor for News Wire Editor CountryWatch.Finally, without the extraordinary assistance of our Information Technology department, the CountryWatch Country Cesar Rosa Reviews could not be published. Cesar Rosa works responsively Chief Information Officer with the Editorial Department to ensure the annual production of the CountryWatch Country Reviews. John Torres ensures our technical John Torres capacity functions efficiently. As such, I am truly indebted to them Technical Network Manager for their efforts. Finally, my utmost gratitude is extended to my mentors in the disciplines of Anthropology, International Development and International Relations, who taught me about the tensions between states and nations in the contemporary world, the value of ethnographic research as the best lens to understanding the complexity of the human condition, and that policy is meaningless unless it positively impacts the quotidian lives of people across the planet. Denise Youngblood Coleman Ph. D., Executive Vice President and Editor in Chief CountryWatch COUNTRYWATCH REVIEW 2010 EDITION Denise Youngblood Coleman Ph.D. Editor in Chief CountryWatch, Inc. Houston, Texas Table of Contents Country Overview. 1 Key Data . 1 Political Overview . 7 History . 7 Political Conditions. 8 Freedom Rankings . 21 Human Rights . 30 Government Functions . 32 Government Structure. 33 Principal Government Officials . 35 Leader Biography . 37 Foreign Relations . 38 National Security . 41 Defense Forces . 43 A Closer Look. 44 Economic Overview . 49 Economic Overview . 49 Real GDP and GDP Per Capita. 51 Nominal GDP and Components . 51 Government Spending and Taxation . 52 Money, Prices and Interest Rates . 52 Trade and the Exchange Rate . 53 The Balance of Payments . 53 2010 Review Energy Consumption and Production Standard Units . 54 Energy Consumption and Production QUADS . 55 World Energy Price Summary . 56 CO2 Emissions . 56 Agriculture Consumption and Production . 57 World Agriculture Pricing Summary . 58 Metals Consumption and Production . 59 World Metals Pricing Summary . 60 Investment Overview . 63 Foreign Investment Climate . 63 Taxation . 65 Stock Market. 66 Partner Links. 66 Social Overview . 77 People . 77 Human Development Index . 78 Status of Women. 86 Culture and Arts . 88 Etiquette . 88 Travel Information . 89 Diseases/Health Data . 102 Environmental Overview . 109 Environmental Issues . 109 Environmental Policy . 110 . 111 2010 Review Global Environmental Snapshot . 111 Global Environmental Concepts. 122 International Environmental Agreements and Associations. 139 Appendices . 151 Bibliography . 151 2010 Review 3 4 2010 Review Chapter 1 Country Overview Key Data Country Overview Country Overview Key Data Region: Africa Population: 5,293,327 as of 2009 Total Area: 71,740 Sq. Km. Total Land: 71,620 Sq. Km. Coastline: 402 km Climate: Tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April). Average Daily Temperature: Capital: Freetown January: 26.8C / 80.2 July: 25.4C / 77.7 Annual Rainfall: 3590.6mm / 141.4 Languages: English (official, regular use limited to literate minority) Mende (principal vernacular in the south) Temne (principal vernacular in the north) Krio Currency: 1 leone (Le$) = 100 cents National Holiday: Republic Day is 19 April (1961), National Day is 9 August Capital City: Freetown Boundaries: Guinea: 652 km Liberia: 306 km 1 Sierra Leone Review 2010 Country Overview Key Data Largest Cities: City: Freetown Population: 827,985 Year: 2009 City: Bo Population: 206,769 Year: 2009 City: Kenema Population: 164,125 Year: 2009 Ethnic Groups: 30%.......Temne 30%.......Mende 10%.......Krio 10%.......Other African (approx.17) 10%.......Lebanese and Asian 8%.......Yimba 2%.......Maninka Religions: 60%.......indigenous beliefs 30%.......Muslim 10%.......Christian Flag: Sierra Leone Review 2010 2 Key Data Country Overview Sierra Leone Country Map Mamou Guinea Kindia Faranah 10° Falaba a K ab o g n Coyah o M Kabala Kamakwie Forécariah el ok R Kamaron Bagbe a Northern Kab Kissidougou Pendembu Kambia Bumbuna 9° Mange Makeni Worodu Port Lake Magburaka Lungi Lunsar Sefadu el a Pepel k an o p R m Gueckedou Kupr a P a Freetown Yonibana Yele o M Waterloo Eastern Western Kailahun Rotifunk Panguma Moyamba Pendembu Banana Mano Islands 8° g Bo n Shenge o J Kenema Southern a a Joru ey w a b e o G Momaligi S Turtle M Islands Bonthe Sherbro Islands K ittam a l f Pujehun o Norway Camp L Zimmi ano Lake M Liberia Sierra Leone Mape National Capital 7° Province Capital Sulima International border Tubmanburg ul Pa Province border int Sa Bong Road Atlantic Robertsport Town Kle Railroad 0 10 30 50 70 km Ocean 010 20 30 40 50 mi Kakata Monrovia 13° 12° 11° Gardnerville © MAGELLAN GeographixSMSanta Barbara, CA (800) 929-4627 3 Sierra Leone Review 2010 Country Overview Key Data Africa Regional Map 20° 20° 0° 40° Black Sea C a 40° s Atlantic p i a n Ocean S e Africa a Algiers Tunis Madeira Strait of Gibraltar (Portugal) Oran Tunisia Casablanca Rabat Mediterranean Sea Tripoli Morocco Alexandria Canary Islands Banghäzï (Spain) Cairo Tindouf Pe La´youn rsia Algeria Libya n Gulf Western Egypt Sahara (Morocco) Tropic of Cancer Al Jawf Aswän 20° Mauritania Mali Faya- e Port Nouakchott l Red Largeau N i Sudan Senegal Tombouctou Niger Sea Dakar Eritrea r Chad Khartoum g e Äsmera The Gambia N i Burkina Banjul Niamey Lake Sudan Faso Chad Gulf of Aden Bissau Al Fäshir Djibouti Guinea Bamako Ouagadougou Kano N'Djamena Conakry Benin Togo Nigeria Addis Somalia Freetown Côte Ababa Porto- Benue Central Guinea D'Ivoire Ghana Novo Bissau Monrovia Accra Lagos African Ethiopia Abidjan Cameroon Republic Sierra Lomé Bangui Jübä Leone Liberia Malabo Yaoundé Equatorial Guinea Z a i re Uganda Mogadishu Gulf of Guinea Kisangani Equator Saõ Tomé Kenya ° Libreville Congo Kampala 0 Sao Tome & Gabon Rwanda Lake Nairobi Annobón Zaire Kigali Victoria Principe (Eq. Gui.) Brazzaville Burundi Bujumbura Mombasa Kinshasa Lake Tanganyika Cabinda Kalemie (Angola) Tanzania Dar es Salaam Luanda Ascension Seychelles (St. Helena) Atlantic Lake Mtwara Lubumbashi Malawi Comoros Ocean Angola Moroni Antsiranana Lilongwe Lobito Zambia Nacala Malawi Z a Lusaka St. Helena m Harare b (U. K.) e z i Madagascar Mozambique Zimbabwe Antananarivo Beira 20° Namibia Bulawayo Mozambique Botswana Channel Tropic of Capricorn Toliara Windhoek Gaborone Pretoria Maputo Lüderitz Mbabane Johannesburg Swaziland 0 500 1000 1500 km Maseru O ra n g e Durban 0 nautical miles 1000 Indian South Africa.