‘After London is an imaginative foray into the evolutionary results of OR WILDAFTER ENGLAND LONDON; ecological catastrophe: the Victorian Oryx and Crake. A quasi-medieval SHAKESPEARE’S romance set in a re-pastoralised England, and simultaneously a gem of avant-garde science fiction, Richard Jefferies’ masterpiece has been ESSAYS expertly brought back into the limelight by Frost’s fine scholarly edition.’ John Plotz, Brandeis University RICHARD JEFFERIES RICHARD Sampling Montaigne from A scholarly edition of a significant and exciting late Victorian science fiction novel Hamlet to The Tempest Richard Jefferies’ After London is uncanny and intriguing, an adventure story, quest romance, dystopia and Darwinian novel rolled into one, but also a pioneering work of Victorian science fiction. Imagining a mysterious natural catastrophe that plunges its people into a barbaric future, Jefferies remarkable novel drowns and destroys London and depicts a challenging ‘Wild England’ dominated by nature and filled with evolved animals and devolved humans. Of its time but also distinctively modern, After London can, in its uneasy expression of Victorian and post-Victorian anxieties about industrial development, urbanisation, natural resources and climate, be regarded as one of the first novels of the Anthropocene. This new critical edition provides a detailed introduction situating After Edited by Mark Frost London in relevant social and political contexts, considering its place in Jefferies’ wider canon and its relations to a range of literary genres, and offering a series of readings designed to encourage readers to fully appreciate the novel’s productive strangeness. The edition is supported by a Jefferies chronology, further reading list and two supplementary pieces of Jefferies’s writings. Mark Frost is Senior Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Portsmouth. He writes widely on environment, literature and culture in Cover image: Tannenwald I, Gustav Klimt, 1901 © Erich Lessing / AKG London Cover design: www.hayesdesign.co.uk ISBN: 978-1-4744-0239-2 edinburghuniversitypress.com Peter G. Platt Shakespeare’s Essays 66436_Platt.indd436_Platt.indd i 221/07/201/07/20 11:15:15 PPMM For my mother, Gee Gee Platt (aka Gram) 66436_Platt.indd436_Platt.indd iiii 221/07/201/07/20 11:15:15 PPMM Shakespeare’s Essays Sampling Montaigne from Hamlet to The Tempest Peter G. Platt 66436_Platt.indd436_Platt.indd iiiiii 221/07/201/07/20 11:15:15 PPMM Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social sciences, combining cutting-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website: edinburghuniversitypress.com © Peter G. Platt, 2020 Edinburgh University Press Ltd The Tun – Holyrood Road 12(2f) Jackson’s Entry Edinburgh EH8 8PJ Typeset in 10.5/13 Adobe Sabon by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd, and printed and bound in Great Britain. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 4744 6340 9 (hardback) ISBN 978 1 4744 6342 3 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 1 4744 6343 0 (epub) The right of Peter G. Platt to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No. 2498). 66436_Platt.indd436_Platt.indd iivv 221/07/201/07/20 11:15:15 PPMM Contents Acknowledgements vi Texts and Titles ix Introduction: ‘Were my mind settled, I would not essay but resolve myself’ 1 1. Knowing and Being in Montaigne and Shakespeare 24 2. ‘A little thing doth divert and turn us’: Fictions, Mourning, and Playing in ‘Of Diverting or Diversion’ and Hamlet 45 3. Mingled Yarns and Hybrid Worlds: ‘We Taste Nothing Purely’, Measure for Measure, and All’s Well That Ends Well 77 4. ‘We are both father and mother together in this generation’: Physical and Intellectual Creations in ‘Of the Affection of Fathers to Their Children’ and King Lear 109 5. Custom, Otherness, and the Fictions of Mastery: ‘Of the Caniballes’ and The Tempest 129 Epilogue: Shakespeare before the Essays 154 Works Cited 169 Index 185 66436_Platt.indd436_Platt.indd v 221/07/201/07/20 11:15:15 PPMM Acknowledgements This book came into being as the result of two conversations. First, my Columbia colleague Jean Howard convinced me to break my Shake- speare and Montaigne project into two: an edited selection of John Florio’s 1603 English translation of the Essays and a scholarly mono- graph on the Montaigne–Shakespeare connection. I am very grateful to Jean for that early pep talk. Second, upon learning that Stephen Greenblatt was simultaneously starting to work on a Florio edition, I asked him if he wanted to combine our efforts. Thankfully, he agreed, and working with him on what became Shakespeare’s Montaigne (New York Review Books, 2014) was a true delight, personally and intellectually. This book, then, is a companion volume of sorts to our Florio edition. Barnard Provost Linda Bell has provided crucial institutional support throughout this project. Butler Library at Columbia, Wollman Library (now the Milstein Center) at Barnard, Doe Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and the San Francisco Public Library (including its affi liation with the amazing Link+ catalogue) have provided me with essential resources. The Mechanics’ Institute Library in San Francisco has, for over twenty years, been my scholarly home away from home; most of this book was written there, and I am grateful to my offi cemate at Mechanics’, Bill Littmann, for his advice, patience and (mostly) good jokes. Thanks to Michelle Houston of Edinburgh University Press for believing in this project and helping me to see it through to publication and to Camilla Rockwood for superlative copy-editing. I am very thankful for twenty-fi ve years of teaching Barnard and Columbia students, who have kept me learning about and essay- ing Montaigne and Shakespeare. Thank you as well to the graduate teaching assistants who have helped me with my Shakespeare classes and who manage to be both outstanding scholars and teachers: John 66436_Platt.indd436_Platt.indd vvii 221/07/201/07/20 11:15:15 PPMM Acknowledgements vii Bird, Gabriel Bloomfi eld, Jessica Forbes, John Kuhn, Alexander Lash, Bernadette Myers, Seth Williams, and Kevin Windhauser. Thanks yet again to former graduate students (and now tenured titans) Alan Farmer, Zack Lesser, Doug Pfeiffer, Ben Robinson, Tiffany Werth, and Adam Zucker for making me proud and making me smarter. My Columbia colleagues have been incredibly supportive during this project: thanks to Julie Crawford, Kathy Eden, Molly Murray, and especially Jim Shapiro and Alan Stewart. Barnard’s ‘Renaissance wing’ is essential to my scholarly and general happiness: I am grateful to Rachel Eisendrath, Achsah Guibbory, Kim Hall, and Anne Prescott. Liz Auran, Jim Basker, Chris Baswell, Yvette Christiansë, Pam Cobrin, Pat Denison, Lisa Gordis, Saskia Hamilton, Jennie Kassanoff, Sarah Pasa- dino, Rio Santisteban-Edwards, Wendy Schor-Haim, Timea Szell, and Margaret Vandenburg have helped keep me sane. Bill Sharpe heroically read several versions of this entire book and, crucially, after one memo- rable run and gyro, helped me fi gure out its title. Outside of the Eng- lish Department, my Barnard life has been enriched by Anne Boyman, Marisa Buzzeo, Lisa Hollibaugh, Brian Larkin, Dina Merrer, Nancy Worman, Bill Worthen, Hana Worthen, and especially Peter Connor. Beyond Barnard and Columbia, I send thanks to Joel Altman, Leonard Barkan, Piers Brown, Bradin Cormack, Jeff Dolven, David Kastan, and Pashmina Murthy. Branching out into the world of Montaigne Studies has introduced me to some wonderful colleagues who have provided me with a new scholarly community: Lars Engle, Saul Frampton, Pat- rick Gray, John O’Brien, Phillip Usher, and especially Will Hamlin have made my academic life much more fulfi lling. Finally, thanks to Andrew Auchincloss, Judith Boies, Mark Bridges, Cabot Brown, Robert Christ- man, Howard Fishman, Peter Freedberger, David Gendelman, Ken Joye, John Kurtz, Philippe Lambert, Charles Louderback, Murdock Martin, Richard Michaelis, Anna Murphy, George Olive, Mark Ouweleen, Bill Rappel, Antonio Rossi, Julintip Thirasilpa, Todd West, and Matt Wolf for providing levity and wisdom at just the right moments. My family continues to be my anchor. Thanks to dad and brother Geoff for patiently listening to and encouraging me. My wife, Nancy – herself a translator – has been extremely helpful in my forays into Florio; her love and support have been constant and sustaining. I trust that our son, Jordy – despite our too frequent separations – has no doubts about ‘that singular and loving affection which in my soul I bare unto him’. This book is for my mom, who taught me how to write bet- ter, to obsess over editing, to love books – inside and out. I can no other answer make but thanks, and thanks, and ever thanks. 66436_Platt.indd436_Platt.indd vviiii 221/07/201/07/20 11:15:15 PPMM viii Shakespeare’s Essays Part of Chapter 3 appeared as ‘“The Web of our Life is of a Mingled Yarn”: Mixed Worlds and Kinds in Montaigne’s “We Taste Nothing Purely” and Shakespeare’s All’s Well That Ends Well’, in Shakespeare and Montaigne, ed. Lars Engle, Patrick Gray, and William M. Hamlin (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2021). I thank the Press for permission to include that material here.