VART2960 Photography: An Introduction Module Three: Tools And Techniques VIS15 / VART2960 photography: an introduction Module Three: Tools And Techniques Copyright 2008 RMIT Page 1 VART2960 Photography: An Introduction Module Three: Tools And Techniques Contents Tools and Techniques ............................................................................................ 5 3.1 Identify the basic components of a camera ........................................................ 6 3.2 Distinguishing between different ways of creating a light tight box ....................... 6 The Camera Obscura ............................................................................................................ 8 3.3 Distinguishing between different types of lenses .............................................. 11 Lens speed ....................................................................................................................... 11 Focal length ...................................................................................................................... 11 Long and short lenses ....................................................................................................... 12 Zoom lens ......................................................................................................................... 13 Macro lens ........................................................................................................................ 13 Fish Eye lens..................................................................................................................... 13 PC Correction lens ............................................................................................................. 14 3.4 Distinguishing between different types of film carriers ...................................... 15 Film formats ...................................................................................................................... 15 Film Advance ..................................................................................................................... 15 3.5 Distinguishing between different types of viewfinders ....................................... 17 The basic principle of operation of the rangefinder .............................................................. 17 Parallax error.................................................................................................................... 17 Correcting for eye problems ............................................................................................... 17 3.6 Distinguishing between different types of shutters ........................................... 18 3.7 Distinguishing between different focusing systems ........................................... 20 Distance scale focusing using either visual symbols or actual imperial/metric settings ........... 20 Diagram of a split image rangefinder screen ....................................................................... 21 3.8 Distinguishing between different types of exposure control................................ 22 3.9 Distinguishing between different types of built-in exposure meters ..................... 23 3.10 Distinguish between different types of hand-held exposure meters .................... 24 Typical hand-held cadmium sulphide cell light meter ............................................................ 24 Taking a reading with a reflected light meter ....................................................................... 25 Taking a reading with an incident light meter ...................................................................... 25 3.11 Distinguishing between different camera systems ........................................... 26 Processed film cameras ..................................................................................................... 26 The Kodak No.1 camera 1888. ........................................................................................... 26 George Eastman holding a Kodak No.1 camera .................................................................... 26 Instant film Cameras .......................................................................................................... 27 SX-70 Polaroid Land Camera ........................................................ 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Digital Cameras ................................................................................................................. 28 3.12 Distinguishing between different film–base camera types................................. 29 Different Types of Cameras ................................................................................................ 29 Disposable ........................................................................................................................ 30 Viewfinder ......................................................................................................................... 30 Rangefinder ...................................................................................................................... 30 Schematic diagram showing the independent eye and film paths from a scene ....................... 30 Compact Point-and-Shoot ................................................................................................... 30 Single-lens reflex 35 mm format ......................................................................................... 31 Single-Lens Reflex Medium Format ...................................................................................... 31 Schematic diagram of a Medium format camera .................................................................... 32 Hasselblad camera ............................................................................................................ 32 Twin-lens reflex ................................................................................................................. 32 Schematic diagram of a Twin-lens camera ........................................................................... 33 Rolleiflex camera ............................................................................................................... 33 View ................................................................................................................................. 33 3.13 Distinguishing between different types of special purpose cameras ................... 35 Widelux camera ................................................................................................................. 35 The Linhof Technorama camera .......................................................................................... 35 Image format of the Linhof Technorama camera ................................................................... 35 Panascope – peripheral oscillating camera.......................................................................... 36 This image was made using the Panascope camera. ............................................................. 36 Underwater ....................................................................................................................... 37 Nikonos V camera .............................................................................................................. 37 Aerial ............................................................................................................................... 38 3.14 Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different camera types ............ 39 3.15 Choosing the right camera .......................................................................... 40 What camera do I need? ..................................................................................................... 40 What camera do I buy?....................................................................................................... 40 3.16 Choosing the right film for Film-Base Cameras ............................................... 42 Selecting the film for speed................................................................................................ 42 Selecting a film for colour temperature ............................................................................... 44 Colour............................................................................................................................... 45 Instant film ....................................................................................................................... 45 High Contrast Film ............................................................................................................. 45 Copyright 2008 RMIT Page 3 VART2960 Photography: An Introduction Module Three: Tools And Techniques Infrared Film ..................................................................................................................... 46 Chromogenic B&W Film (Ilford XP-2) ................................................................................... 46 3.17 Distinguishing between different types of lens filters ...................................... 47 Filters..............................................................................................................................