*'< * t TAXONOMY OF FUNGI BIPERFEGTI 175 Genus - Asperisporium Maublance Lavoura, 16 : 212, 1913. The genus is characterized by sporodochia punctiform, pulvinate, brown, olivaceous brown or black. Mycelium immersed. Stroma usually well developed, erumpent. tJetae and hyphopodia absent. Gonidiophores macronematous mononematous, closely packed together forming sporodochia, usually rather short, unbranched or occasionally branched, straight or fiexous, hyaline to olivaceous brown, smooth.Gonidiogenous cells polybiastic integrated, terminal, sympodial, cylindrical or clavate, cicatrized, scars prominent. Gonidia solitary, dry, acropleuro- genous, ellipsoidal, fusiform, obovoid, pyriform, clavate or obclavate, hyaline to brown or olivaceous brown, smooth or verrucose, with 0-3 transverse and sometimes longitudinal or oblique septa. Type species ; Asperisporium caricae (Speg.) Maubl. There are only two species of Asperisporium recorded from India, Ullasa, Sohi and i^aghavendra Rao (1978) reported A. caricae (Speg.) Maubl, on the leaves of Garica papaya from Bangalore, Karnataka. Fatil and Thirumalachar (1966) reported A. dalberglae on the living leaves of Dalber,e;ia sympathetica from Aiboli, Ratnagiri (State of Maharashtra). Asperlsoorium dalbergiae Patil and Thirum. Sydowia, 20 : 33-3^, 1966. Fig. 90. 170 Sporodochia epiphylious, punctiform, puivinate, olivaceous brown to black, closely packed together, oOO diameter. Stroma well developed, superficial, pale brown to black. Conidiophores macronematous as well as mononematous, cbsely packed together forming typical sporodochia, cylindrical, straight or flexuous, sub-hyaline to olivaceous brown,smooth, septate, unbranched, IIO-I3O X 3-5 Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, terminal, sympodial, clavate, cicatrized with prominent scars. Gonidia ellipsoidal, pyriform or clavate, pale brown verrucose, one septate, 12-16 x 8-9 f^m. Collected on leaves of Dalbergia melanoxylon G. and P. on 2nd September, 1982. Leg. FGJ. NIR-FI. 31. Host constitutes an additional new record. Genus - Bahusandhika Subram. J. Indian bot. Soc. 25 : 469, 1956. Colonies effuse, black, powdery, mycelium superficial and immersed. Stroma none. Setae and hyphopodia absent. Conidiophores micronematous or semi-macronematous, unbranched or irregularfy branched, straight or flexuous pale brown, smooth. Conidiogenous cells monotretic, integrated and terminal or discrete, formed not only on the conidiophores but also singly, in pairs or three on conidia where they link the individual conidia in chains, spherical or subsnherical, usually smooth, sub-hyaline or very pale brown.Conidia dry, in simple or branched chains, separated from each other by small, spherical, conidiogenous cells, 177 straight, ellipsoidal or cylindrical rounded at the ends, brown, thick walled, smooth or verrucUlose with several transverse septa. Type species - Bahusandhika indica {Subram.) Subram. The genus Bahusandhika is represented by only three species from India. Bahusandhika indica I Subram.) Subraraanian J. Indian bot. Soc., : 4b9,.1956. Basionym - Polydesmus indicus Subram. J. Indian bot. Soc., : 33, 1954. Fig. 91; hlate Kig. 18 : 102. Colonies black, effuse, powdery; hyphae repent, brown, septate, branched, upto U.5-5 (J-m broad, conidiophores arising laterally from cells of repent hyphae, short, mostly simple, sub-hyaline to pale brown, septate, thin walled, often torulose, upto 22-26 long and upto 5 l^m broad. Gonidia dark brown 2-3 celled, thick walled, faintly verruculose, acrogenous, produced acropetally in unbranched or branched chains from the tip of the conidiophore, connected with each other by an isthumus - separating cell, 13-18.5 x 5-6.5 isthumus small, narrow, pale brown, one celled produced singly from any part of apical or other cells of each conidium, or often upto four from the apical cell of conidium, resulting in branched chains of conidia, 2.5-3.5 X 2 in size. 173 Collected on dried leaves o! unidentified host at Sheelphata on 13th August, 1982. Leg, PGJ. MR-FI. 70. The fungus is recorded by Rao (19t>4), Subraraanian (1954, 1956) from various localities of India. Genus - Brachysporium Saccardo Michelia, § : 28, 1880. The genus Brachysporiuni was established in 1860 by Saccardo. The genus is characterized by colonies effuse, brown or dark brown, hairy. Mycelium mostly immersed. Stroma none. Setae and hyphopodia absent. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, straight or flexuous, unbranched, often swollen at the base, brown or dark brown, smooth. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, polyblastic, sympodial, cylindrical, denticulate, the conidia being borne at the ends of long, sometimes twisted, narrow, cylindrical pedicels or separating cells. Conidia solitary, usually pendulous, acropleurogenous, simple, clavate, ellipsoidal, fusiform, iimoniform, obovoid or pyriform, septate, brown, often with one or more cells paler than the others, smooth except in one species in which they are sometimes verrucose. Lectotype species : Brachysporium obovatum (Berk.) Sacc. The genus is represented by only one species from India. Uppal, Patel and Kamat (1935) reported B. arecae (Berk, and Br.) Sacc, from the State of Maharashtra. l'/9 Brachysporium masonii Hughes Naturalist, Hull. : 1951. Fig. 92. Colonies effuse, brownish, hairy, mycelium immersed. Goni- diophores macronematous, mononematous, straight, unbranched, often swollen at the base, brown or dark brown, smooth, 320-400 x 10-15 Rm. Gonidia nearly all 4-septate, 32-36 x 16-18 i^m, cell at each end hyaline or pale, middle cells brown. Collected on rotting branches of Colebrookea oppositifolia Sm. at Karnala on 29th September, 1981. Leg. PGJ. MR-FI. 78. The fungus is rf^corded on rotten wood and bark of beech. Chestnut, oak, Frunus avium etc. from Great Britain. Ellis 11971) described nine species of this genus. Exosporiella Karsten Finl. Mogelsv. I6O-I6I, 1892. Colonies effuse, black. Mycelium immersed. No true stroma but hyphae are closely interwoven to form a pseudostroma. Setae and hyphopodia absent. Uonidiophores close together forming a pallisade, macronematous or semi-macronematous, mononematous, flexuous, branched, hyaline, smooth.Conidiogenous ceils mono- blastic, integrated and terminal or discrete, percurrent, cylindrical or doliiform. Gonidia solitary, dry, acrogenous, simple, straight or slightly curved, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, rounded at the apex, caudate at the base, usually 4-septate, ISO smooth, the cells at each end hyaline, or pale brown, inter­ mediate cells brown tr dark brown. Type species : Exosporiella I'ungorum IFr.) Karst. The genus h^xosporiella is not so far reported from India. (Bilgrami e^ aj.. , 1979, 1961). The genus is being reported for the lirst time from India. Exosporiella fici sp. nova. Fig. 93. Colony effuso nigra. Mycelio iminerso in ramae. Non eu stromata et hypha arto intexereo efficero pseudostromatae. Setae et hyphopcdiae noncompareae. Gonidiophore atro omnis efficero pallisade, micronemato vel semi-micronemato, mononematoe dividio, hyalinae, levis, magnitude 16-20 x 1-3 )4n,Gonidiogenous cellae monoblastae, necessario et quod vel discreteae, cylindriae. Gonidia solitarae, aridus, acrogenae, simplicae recto vel minimo curvatae, ellipsoidae vel cylindriciae apex orbisae, turpitero caudatae, 4-septate, levis, distal cellae hyalinae vel pallido brunnae medio cellae brunnae vel fusco brunnae, magnitude 25-26 X 10-13 m . In ramis mortuis Ficus bengalensis Linn, ad Khopoli on lOth October, 1982. Leg. PGj. MR-FI. 73. Colonies effuse, black. Mycelium immersed. No true stroma but hyphae are closely interwoven to form a pseudostroma. Setae I S l and hyphopodia absent. Gonidiophores close together forming a pallissde, flexuous, branched, hyaline, smooth, 16-20 x 1-3 Conidia solitary, dry, simple, slightly curved, ellipsoidal cylindrical, rounded at the apex, caudate at the base, 4-septate, smooth, middle cells brown to dark brown and end cells are hyaline, 25-28 x 10-13 On dead stems of Ficus bengalensis Linn, from Khopoli on 10th October, 1982. Leg. FGJ. MR-FI. 73. Sr.No. Name of the fungus Conidiophore Conidia 1. E. fungorum (Fr.) U-V Rn 23-35 X Karst. thick 7-9 2. E. fici 16-20 x 25-28 X sp. nov. 1-3 Hm 10-13 As Conidicphore and conidia are not matching with the type species of Exosporiella. the present collection is accommodated under a new taxon viz. E. fici sp. nov. Genus - Helicomyces Link Obs. Myc., 1 : 19,: 1809, The genus helicomyces was erected by Link in 1809 with H. roseus Lk. as its type species. The genus is characterized by helicosporous solitary hyaline conidia produced on sympodially prolilerated conidiogenous cells which resemoles vegetative hyphae, 182 The genus is cosmopolitan in distribution. Helicomyces fuscopes 1= fuscipes) Linder Missouri Bot. Gard, Ann., 16 : 15, 1931. i*'ig. 94. Colonies brown to grayish brown, irregular, extending upto 3-4.5 cm on the substratum. Mycelium consists of yellowish brown to dilute fuscous, branched, septate, 5-7 broad, anastomosing hyphae from which conidiophores arise. Gonidiophores simple, light brown to yellowish brown, gradually loosing colour apically, cylindrical, 5-8 septate, 25-55 long, k~7 broad at the base, producing oval to short cylindrical, hyaline to subhyaline projections, arise apically and laterally on the conidiophores. Conidia produced from the conidiogenous cells of conidiophores. Gonidia 1Sympodulospores) coiled 1.5 - 3.5 times hyaline to subhyaline, with a diameter of 16-25 and 2. 5-3. 5 t^m broad filament. Collected on decaying wood of unidentified